S 545 · 119th Congress · Crime and Law Enforcement

Combating Illicit Xylazine Act

Introduced February 12, 2025 Latest action April 15, 2026 34 cosponsors

Sponsor

Latest action

Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 372.

Action timeline

Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.

Apr 15, 2026

committee Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Grassley with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.

Apr 15, 2026

other Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 372.

Mar 26, 2026

committee Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.

Judiciary Committee

Feb 12, 2025

introduced Introduced in Senate

Feb 12, 2025

introduced Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

Text versions

Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.

Apr 15, 2026 Reported to Senate

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Feb 12, 2025 Introduced in Senate

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Changelog

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How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.

`ih` / `is` — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.

`rfh` / `rfs` — Referred to a committee for review.

`rh` / `rs` — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).

`pcs` / `pch` — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.

`eh` / `es` — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.

`rdh` / `rds` — Received by the other chamber.

`eah` / `eas` — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.

`ath` / `ats` — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.

`enr` — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.

`pl` — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.

`pp` — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.

Most bills die before `eh`/`es`. Going from `pcs` → `enr` is the full path through both chambers.

Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.

+223 −20 60 unchanged

--- Introduced (Senate)

+++ Reported (Senate)

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@

[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

-[S. 545 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

+[S. 545 Reported in Senate (RS)]

<DOC>

+Calendar No. 372

119th CONGRESS

-1st Session

+2d Session

S. 545

To prohibit certain uses of xylazine, and for other purposes.

@@ -18,9 +19,18 @@

Ms. Cortez Masto (for herself, Mr. Grassley, Ms. Hassan, Mrs.

Gillibrand, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Scott of Florida, Mrs.

Shaheen, Ms. Klobuchar, Mrs. Britt, Mrs. Capito, Mr. Young, Mr. Kelly,

-Mr. Kaine, Mr. Risch, Ms. Rosen, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Lujan, and Mr.

-Wicker) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and

-referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

+Mr. Kaine, Mr. Risch, Ms. Rosen, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Lujan, Mr. Wicker,

+Mr. Gallego, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Fetterman, Mr. Bennet, Ms. Lummis, Mr.

+Budd, Mr. King, Mr. Justice, Mr. Crapo, Mr. McCormick, Mr. Lankford,

+Mrs. Moody, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Durbin, and Mr. Cruz)

+introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the

+Committee on the Judiciary

+April 15 (legislative day, April 14), 2026

+Reported by Mr. Grassley, with an amendment

+[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed

+in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

@@ -31,19 +41,171 @@

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the

United States of America in Congress assembled,

+<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> This title may be cited as the ``Combating Illicit

+Xylazine Act''.</DELETED>

+<DELETED>SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (a) In General.--In this title, the term ``xylazine'' has

+the meaning given the term in paragraph (60) of section 102 of the

+Controlled Substances Act, as added by subsection (b) of this

+section.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (b) Controlled Substances Act.--Section 102 of the

+Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is amended by adding at the

+end the following:</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(60) The term `xylazine' means the substance xylazine,

+including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the

+existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is

+possible.''.</DELETED>

+<DELETED>SEC. 3. ADDING XYLAZINE TO SCHEDULE III.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> Schedule III of section 202(c) of the Controlled

+Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812) is amended by adding at the end the

+following:</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(f) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in

+another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which

+contains any quantity of xylazine.''.</DELETED>

+<DELETED>SEC. 4. AMENDMENTS.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (a) Amendment.--Section 102 of the Controlled Substances

+Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is amended by striking paragraph (27) and inserting

+the following:</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(27)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term

+`ultimate user' means a person who has lawfully obtained, and who

+possesses, a controlled substance for the use by the person or for the

+use of a member of the household of the person or for an animal owned

+by the person or by a member of the household of the person.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(B)(i) In the case of xylazine, other than for a drug

+product approved under subsection (b) or (j) of section 505 of the

+Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355), the term

+`ultimate user' means a person--</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(I) to whom xylazine was dispensed by--

+</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(aa) a veterinarian registered under

+this Act; or</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(bb) a pharmacy registered under this

+Act pursuant to a prescription of a veterinarian

+registered under this Act; and</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(II) who possesses xylazine for--</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(aa) an animal owned by the person or by

+a member of the household of the person;</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(bb) an animal under the care of the

+person;</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(cc) use in government animal-control

+programs authorized under applicable Federal, State,

+Tribal, or local law; or</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(dd) use in wildlife programs authorized

+under applicable Federal, State, Tribal, or local

+law.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(ii) In this subparagraph, the term `person' includes--

+</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(I) a government agency or business where

+animals are located; and</DELETED>

+<DELETED> ``(II) an employee or agent of an agency or

+business acting within the scope of their employment or

+agency.''.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (b) Facilities.--An entity that manufactures xylazine, as

+of the date of enactment of this Act, shall not be required to make

+capital expenditures necessary to install the security standard

+required of schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C.

+801 et seq.) for the purposes of manufacturing xylazine.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (c) Labeling.--The requirements related to labeling,

+packaging, and distribution logistics of a controlled substance in

+schedule III of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21

+U.S.C. 812(c)) shall not take effect for xylazine until the date that

+is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (d) Practitioner Registration.--The requirements related

+to practitioner registration, inventory, and recordkeeping of a

+controlled substance in schedule III of section 202(c) of the

+Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)) shall not take effect for

+xylazine until the date that is 60 days after the date of enactment of

+this Act. A practitioner that has applied for registration during the

+60-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act may

+continue their lawful activities until such application is approved or

+denied.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (e) Manufacturer Transition.--The Food and Drug

+Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration shall facilitate

+and expedite the relevant manufacturer submissions or applications

+required by the placement of xylazine on schedule III of section 202(c)

+of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)).</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (f) Clarification.--Nothing in this title, or the

+amendments made by this title, shall be construed to require the

+registration of an ultimate user of xylazine under the Controlled

+Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) in order to possess xylazine in

+accordance with subparagraph (B) of section 102(27) of that Act (21

+U.S.C. 802(27)), as added by subsection (a) of this section.</DELETED>

+<DELETED>SEC. 5. ARCOS TRACKING.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> Section 307(i) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C.

+827(i)) is amended--</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--

+</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (A) by inserting ``or xylazine'' after

+``gamma hydroxybutyric acid'';</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (B) by inserting ``or 512'' after

+``section 505''; and</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (C) by inserting ``respectively,'' after

+``the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,'';

+and</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (2) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``or xylazine''

+after ``gamma hydroxybutyric acid''.</DELETED>

+<DELETED>SEC. 6. SENTENCING COMMISSION.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title

+28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall

+review and, if appropriate, amend its sentencing guidelines, policy

+statements, and official commentary applicable to persons convicted of

+an offense under section 401 of the Controlled Substances Act (21

+U.S.C. 841) or section 1010 of the Controlled Substances Import and

+Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960) to provide appropriate penalties for

+offenses involving xylazine that are consistent with the amendments

+made by this title. In carrying out this section, the Commission should

+consider the common forms of xylazine as well as its use alongside

+other scheduled substances.</DELETED>

+<DELETED>SEC. 7. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON XYLAZINE.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (a) Initial Report.--Not later than 18 months after the

+date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through

+the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in

+coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall submit to

+Congress a report on the prevalence of illicit use of xylazine in the

+United States and the impacts of such use, including--</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (1) where the drug is being diverted;</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (2) where the drug is originating; and</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (3) whether any analogues to xylazine, or related

+or derivative substances, exist and present a substantial risk

+of abuse.</DELETED>

+<DELETED> (b) Additional Report.--Not later than 4 years after the

+date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through

+the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in

+coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall submit to

+Congress a report updating Congress on the prevalence and proliferation

+of xylazine trafficking and misuse in the United States.</DELETED>

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Combating Illicit Xylazine Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

-(a) In General.--In this title, the term ``xylazine'' has the

-meaning given the term in paragraph (60) of section 102 of the

-Controlled Substances Act, as added by subsection (b) of this section.

+(a) In General.--In this Act--

+(1) the term ``practitioner'' has the meaning given the

+term under section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21

+U.S.C. 802); and

+(2) the term ``xylazine'' has the meaning given the term in

+paragraph (61) of section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act,

+as added by subsection (b) of this section.

(b) Controlled Substances Act.--Section 102 of the Controlled

Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is amended by adding at the end the

following:

-``(60) The term `xylazine' means the substance xylazine, including

+``(61) The term `xylazine' means the substance xylazine, including

its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such

salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible.''.

@@ -111,12 +273,12 @@

relevant manufacturer submissions or applications required by the

placement of xylazine on schedule III of section 202(c) of the

Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)).

-(f) Clarification.--Nothing in this title, or the amendments made

-by this title, shall be construed to require the registration of an

-ultimate user of xylazine under the Controlled Substances Act (21

-U.S.C. 801 et seq.) in order to possess xylazine in accordance with

-subparagraph (B) of section 102(27) of that Act (21 U.S.C. 802(27)), as

-added by subsection (a) of this section.

+(f) Clarification.--Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by

+this Act, shall be construed to require the registration of an ultimate

+user of xylazine under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et

+seq.) in order to possess xylazine in accordance with subparagraph (B)

+of section 102(27) of that Act (21 U.S.C. 802(27)), as added by

+subsection (a) of this section.

SEC. 5. ARCOS TRACKING.

@@ -129,7 +291,7 @@

and

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,''; and

-(2) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``or xylazine'' after

+(2) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``and xylazine'' after

``gamma hydroxybutyric acid''.

SEC. 6. SENTENCING COMMISSION.

@@ -141,13 +303,36 @@

section 401 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841) or section

1010 of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960)

to provide appropriate penalties for offenses involving xylazine that

-are consistent with the amendments made by this title. In carrying out

+are consistent with the amendments made by this Act. In carrying out

this section, the Commission should consider the common forms of

xylazine as well as its use alongside other scheduled substances.

SEC. 7. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON XYLAZINE.

-(a) Initial Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the

+(a) Control Report.--

+(1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of

+enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the

+Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in

+coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services,

+shall submit to Congress a report with an assessment of the

+factors listed in section 201(c) of the Controlled Substances

+Act (21 U.S.C. 811(c)) for xylazine, which includes a

+scientific and medical evaluation and recommendations from the

+Secretary of Health and Human Services and a law enforcement

+and abuse evaluation by the Drug Enforcement Administration.

+(2) Requirements.--The report required under paragraph (1)

+shall--

+(A) include the full text of the scientific and

+medical evaluation and recommendations regarding

+whether xylazine should be controlled as a controlled

+substance, submitted by the Secretary of Health and

+Human Services to the Attorney General pursuant to

+section 201(b) of the Controlled Substances Act (21

+U.S.C. 811(b)) on or before December 31, 2025; and

+(B) be published on the websites of the Department

+of Health and Human Services and the Department of

+Justice.

+(b) Initial Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the

enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the

Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in

coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall submit to

@@ -158,10 +343,28 @@

(3) whether any analogues to xylazine, or related or

derivative substances, exist and present a substantial risk of

abuse.

-(b) Additional Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of

+(c) Additional Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the

Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in

coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall submit to

Congress a report updating Congress on the prevalence and proliferation

of xylazine trafficking and misuse in the United States.

-<all>

+Calendar No. 372

+119th CONGRESS

+2d Session

+S. 545

+_______________________________________________________________________

+A BILL

+To prohibit certain uses of xylazine, and for other purposes.

+_______________________________________________________________________

+April 15 (legislative day, April 14), 2026

+Reported with an amendment

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PEACE OFFICERS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA

ALCLAW

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DUE PROCESS INSTITUTE

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DRUG POLICY ALLIANCE

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Cosponsors (34)

Members who signed on to support this bill.