S 2978
· 119th Congress
· International Affairs
Designating the Russian Federation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism Act
Sponsor
Latest action
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 246.
Action timeline
Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.
Oct 30, 2025
committee
Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported by Senator Risch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
Foreign Relations Committee
Oct 30, 2025
other
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 246.
Oct 22, 2025
committee
Committee on Foreign Relations. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
Foreign Relations Committee
Oct 07, 2025
introduced
Introduced in Senate
Oct 07, 2025
introduced
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Foreign Relations Committee
Text versions
Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.
Changelog
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih / is — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh / rfs — Referred to a committee for review.rh / rs — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs / pch — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh / es — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh / rds — Received by the other chamber.eah / eas — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath / ats — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih/is— Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh/rfs— Referred to a committee for review.rh/rs— Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs/pch— Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh/es— Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh/rds— Received by the other chamber.eah/eas— Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath/ats— Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr— Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl— Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp— Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.
+242
−17
62 unchanged
--- Introduced (Senate)
+++ Reported (Senate)
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
-[S. 2978 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
+[S. 2978 Reported in Senate (RS)]
<DOC>
+Calendar No. 246
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2978
@@ -20,6 +21,12 @@
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
Committee on Foreign Relations
+October 30, 2025
+
+Reported by Mr. Risch, with an amendment
+[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
+in italic]
+
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
@@ -29,6 +36,164 @@
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
+
+<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> This Act may be cited as the ``Designating the Russian
+Federation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism Act''.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>SEC. 2. FINDINGS.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> Congress finds the following:</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) The Russian Federation's aggression in Ukraine
+has targeted innocent civilians, including children.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) The Government of Ukraine estimates that at
+least 648 Ukrainian children have been killed and at least
+2,047 Ukrainian children have been wounded since the start of
+President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine in February
+2022.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (3) The Government of Ukraine estimates that the
+Russian Federation has kidnapped, deported, or displaced at
+least 19,546 Ukrainian children to the Russian Federation,
+Russian-occupied territories, and other locations since the
+invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and continues to practice
+such illegal and inhumane actions.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (4) The Russian Federation has kidnapped,
+deported, or displaced Ukrainian children as young as a few
+months to 17 years of age according to reliable
+reports.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (5) President Putin's regime seeks the
+``Russification'' of Ukrainian children through kidnapping,
+deportation, or displacement to destroy their Ukrainian
+identity.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (6) Many of these Ukrainian children are forced
+into ``re-education'' camps or youth paramilitary organizations
+in the Russian Federation and other locations, with the intent
+of training them for future deployment as service members in
+the Russian Armed Forces.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (7) In November 2024, the United Kingdom stated
+that the Government of the Russian Federation seeks to
+accomplish ``Russification'' by ``expos[ing] Ukrainian children
+to a curriculum that rewrites Russian and Ukrainian history,
+glorifies Russian military actions, promotes allegiance to
+Russia, and in some cases involves military
+training''.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (8) Ukraine has made efforts to repatriate these
+kidnapped and deported children, including during the peace
+talks that occurred in Istanbul, Turkey in June 2025, where
+Ukraine presented the Russian delegation with a list of 339
+names of kidnapped children to return home.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (9) In response to the proposal put forth by
+Ukraine in Istanbul, Turkey, the Russian delegation, led by
+Vladimir Medinsky, stated that these children were ``rescued''
+by Russian soldiers and dismissed the request.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (10) United States law authorizes the designation
+of countries as state sponsors of terrorism if they have
+repeatedly provided support for acts of international
+terrorism.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (11) Section 2331(1) of title 18, United States
+Code, defines international terrorism as activities that--
+</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(A) involve violent acts or acts
+dangerous to human life that are a violation of the
+criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or
+that would be a criminal violation if committed within
+the jurisdiction of the United States or of any
+State;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(B) appear to be intended--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(i) to intimidate or coerce a
+civilian population;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(ii) to influence the policy of
+a government by intimidation or coercion;
+or</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(iii) to affect the conduct of a
+government by mass destruction, assassination,
+or kidnapping; and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(C) occur primarily outside the
+territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or
+transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by
+which they are accomplished, the persons they appear
+intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in
+which their perpetrators operate or seek
+asylum;''.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (12) At the direction of President Putin, the
+Government of the Russian Federation has promoted, and
+continues to promote, these acts of international terrorism,
+including the kidnapping of Ukrainian children, which would
+constitute a criminal violation if committed within the
+jurisdiction of the United States.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (13) During the 117th Congress, the Senate
+unanimously adopted--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (A) Senate Resolution 623, which called
+for the Secretary of State to designate the Russian
+Federation as a state sponsor of terrorism;
+and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (B) Senate Resolution 546, which condemned
+the actions of the Russian Federation, President Putin,
+members of the Russian Security Council, the Russian
+Armed Forces, and Russian military commanders for
+committing atrocities and alleged war crimes against
+the people of Ukraine.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (14) The United States continues to have a range
+of tools available to hold the Russian Federation accountable
+for these egregious actions.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>SEC. 3. DESIGNATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A STATE
+SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> (a) Certification.--Not later than 60 days after the
+effective date of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a
+report to Congress that certifies whether--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) the Ukrainian children who were kidnapped,
+deported, or forcibly removed from Ukrainian territory or
+temporarily occupied Ukrainian territory since the Russian
+Federation's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 have been
+reunited with their families or guardians in a secure
+environment; and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) the process of full reintegration of such
+children into Ukrainian society is underway.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (b) Designation.--If the Secretary of State cannot certify
+the actions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsections (a) have
+occurred, the Secretary shall immediately designate the Russian
+Federation as a state sponsor of terrorism pursuant to--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) section 1754(c) of the National Defense
+Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (50 U.S.C.
+4813(c));</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act (22
+U.S.C. 2780);</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (3) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of
+1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371); and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (4) any other relevant provision of law.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>SEC. 4. RESCISSION OF THE DESIGNATION OF THE RUSSIAN
+FEDERATION AS A STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> The Secretary of State may rescind the designation
+required under section 3(b) on or after the date that is 45 days after
+the date on which the Secretary certifies to Congress, pursuant to the
+provision of law under which such designation was made, that--
+</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) the Government of the Russian Federation--
+</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (A) has not provided support for
+international terrorism during the preceding 3-month
+period; and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (B) has provided assurances that such
+government will not support acts of international
+terrorism in the future;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) all of the children kidnapped, deported, or
+forcibly transferred from Ukrainian territory or temporarily
+occupied Ukrainian territory since the Russian Federation's
+invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 have been reunited with
+their families and guardians in a secure environment;
+and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (3) the process of full reintegration of such
+children into Ukrainian society is underway.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>SEC. 5. EFFECTIVE DATE.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> This Act shall take effect on the date that is 1 day after
+the date of the enactment of this Act.</DELETED>
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
@@ -52,7 +217,7 @@
Ukraine in February 2022 and continues to practice such illegal
and inhumane actions.
(4) The Russian Federation has kidnapped, deported, or
-displaced Ukrainian children as young as a few months to 17
+displaced Ukrainian children as young as a few months old to 17
years of age according to reliable reports.
(5) President Putin's regime seeks the ``Russification'' of
Ukrainian children through kidnapping, deportation, or
@@ -77,11 +242,30 @@
Istanbul, Turkey, the Russian delegation, led by Vladimir
Medinsky, stated that these children were ``rescued'' by
Russian soldiers and dismissed the request.
-(10) United States law authorizes the designation of
+(10) Since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the
+Russian Federation, the Kremlin has intensified acts of
+sabotage, assassination, and other kinetic actions against
+civilian infrastructure and civilians throughout Europe to
+undermine broader NATO unity and coerce European governments
+into altering their policies in response to Russia's war in
+Ukraine.
+(11) A report by the International Centre for Counter-
+Terrorism identified at least 110 kinetic incidents in Europe
+between January 2022 and July 2025 that are attributable to the
+Government of the Russian Federation, including a plot to place
+explosive devices on civilian aircraft in 2024.
+(12) In May 2025, the Independent International Commission
+of Inquiry on Ukraine concluded that Russian armed forces
+``have committed the crimes against humanity of murder and the
+war crimes of attacking civilians'', by deliberately targeting
+Ukrainian civilians with drone strikes, and that these attacks
+had ``the primary purpose to spread terror among the civilian
+population, in violation of international humanitarian law.''.
+(13) United States law authorizes the designation of
countries as state sponsors of terrorism if they have
repeatedly provided support for acts of international
terrorism.
-(11) Section 2331(1) of title 18, United States Code,
+(14) Section 2331(1) of title 18, United States Code,
defines international terrorism as activities that--
``(A) involve violent acts or acts dangerous to
human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of
@@ -102,13 +286,16 @@
are accomplished, the persons they appear intended to
intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their
perpetrators operate or seek asylum;''.
-(12) At the direction of President Putin, the Government of
+(15) At the direction of President Putin, the Government of
the Russian Federation has promoted, and continues to promote,
these acts of international terrorism, including the kidnapping
-of Ukrainian children, which would constitute a criminal
-violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United
+of Ukrainian children, the destruction of civilian
+infrastructure throughout Europe, and the assassination and
+attempted assassination of civilians and political targets
+throughout Europe, all of which would constitute criminal
+violations if committed within the jurisdiction of the United
States.
-(13) During the 117th Congress, the Senate unanimously
+(16) During the 117th Congress, the Senate unanimously
adopted--
(A) Senate Resolution 623, which called for the
Secretary of State to designate the Russian Federation
@@ -119,7 +306,7 @@
Armed Forces, and Russian military commanders for
committing atrocities and alleged war crimes against
the people of Ukraine.
-(14) The United States continues to have a range of tools
+(17) The United States continues to have a range of tools
available to hold the Russian Federation accountable for these
egregious actions.
@@ -133,13 +320,19 @@
forcibly removed from Ukrainian territory or temporarily
occupied Ukrainian territory since the Russian Federation's
invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 have been reunited with
-their families or guardians in a secure environment; and
+their families or guardians in a secure environment;
(2) the process of full reintegration of such children into
-Ukrainian society is underway.
-(b) Designation.--If the Secretary of State cannot certify the
-actions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsections (a) have
-occurred, the Secretary shall immediately designate the Russian
-Federation as a state sponsor of terrorism pursuant to--
+Ukrainian society is underway; and
+(3) the Government of the Russian Federation has ceased--
+(A) its attacks against European civilian
+infrastructure and assassination attempts on political
+targets; and
+(B) all attacks on civilians and civilian
+infrastructure in Ukraine.
+(b) Designation.--If the Secretary of State cannot certify that all
+of the actions described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection
+(a) have occurred, the Secretary shall immediately designate the
+Russian Federation as a state sponsor of terrorism pursuant to--
(1) section 1754(c) of the National Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c));
(2) section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C.
@@ -169,8 +362,40 @@
(3) the process of full reintegration of such children into
Ukrainian society is underway.
-SEC. 5. EFFECTIVE DATE.
+SEC. 5. LIMITATION.
+
+(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no
+blocked or immobilized Russian sovereign asset (as defined in section
+2(6) of the REPO for Ukrainians Act (division F of Public Law 118-50
+(22 U.S.C. 9521 note))) shall be subject to attachment in aid of
+execution or execution of any judgment entered by a court of the United
+States against the Russian Federation arising from its designation as a
+state sponsor of terrorism pursuant to section 3(b).
+(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
+to limit the rights of victims of terrorism to seek compensation from
+other sources available under law.
+
+SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Act shall take effect on the date that is 1 day after the date
of the enactment of this Act.
-<all>
+Calendar No. 246
+
+119th CONGRESS
+
+1st Session
+
+S. 2978
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+A BILL
+
+To provide for the designation of the Russian Federation as a state
+sponsor of terrorism.
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+October 30, 2025
+
+Reported with an amendment
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Cosponsors (3)
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