S 2424
· 119th Congress
· International Affairs
THINK TWICE Act of 2025
Sponsor
Latest action
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 238.
Action timeline
Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.
Oct 30, 2025
committee
Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported by Senator Risch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
Foreign Relations Committee
Oct 30, 2025
other
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 238.
Oct 22, 2025
committee
Committee on Foreign Relations. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
Foreign Relations Committee
Jul 23, 2025
introduced
Introduced in Senate
Jul 23, 2025
introduced
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Foreign Relations Committee
Text versions
Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.
Changelog
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih / is — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh / rfs — Referred to a committee for review.rh / rs — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs / pch — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh / es — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh / rds — Received by the other chamber.eah / eas — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath / ats — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih/is— Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh/rfs— Referred to a committee for review.rh/rs— Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs/pch— Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh/es— Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh/rds— Received by the other chamber.eah/eas— Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath/ats— Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr— Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl— Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp— Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.
+284
−100
84 unchanged
--- Introduced (Senate)
+++ Reported (Senate)
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
-[S. 2424 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
+[S. 2424 Reported in Senate (RS)]
<DOC>
+Calendar No. 238
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2424
@@ -16,9 +17,15 @@
July 23, 2025
-Mr. Ricketts (for himself and Mr. Bennet) introduced the following
-bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign
-Relations
+Mr. Ricketts (for himself, Mr. Bennet, and Mr. Scott of Florida)
+introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
+Committee on Foreign Relations
+
+October 30, 2025
+
+Reported by Mr. Risch, with an amendment
+[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
+in italic]
_______________________________________________________________________
@@ -29,6 +36,199 @@
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
+
+<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> This Act may be cited as the ``Tracking Hostile Industry
+Networks and Kit while Thwarting Weapons Imports from Chinese Entities
+Act of 2025'' or the ``THINK TWICE Act of 2025''.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>SEC. 2. FINDINGS.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> Congress finds the following:</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) The People's Republic of China is the fourth
+largest arms exporter behind the United States, the Russian
+Federation, and France.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) Arms sales by entities in the People's
+Republic of China are an important element of the country's
+growing military power and geopolitical influence.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (3) The People's Republic of China uses arms sales
+to promote strategic interests, including--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (A) improving the image and reputation of
+the People's Liberation Army;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (B) acquiring performance data of Chinese-
+made weapons in contested environments, which can be
+utilized by the People's Liberation Army;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (C) exacerbating tensions between the
+United States and traditional security
+partners;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (D) gaining a foothold for further defense
+and security cooperation with certain
+countries;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (E) building relationships with senior
+political and military leaders in other countries,
+further expanding the diplomatic and strategic
+influence of the People's Republic of China;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (F) protecting economic interests of the
+People's Republic of China by ensuring the security of
+foreign partner governments to safeguard Chinese
+investments and Chinese workers;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (G) exerting influence over the
+progression of conflicts to serve the broader
+geostrategic aims of the People's Republic of
+China;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (H) improving military operations and
+capabilities of partner states, thereby stabilizing
+regions of interest by addressing local issues, such as
+disturbances near the border of the People's Republic
+of China; and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (I) subsidizing the research and
+development and production costs of weapons systems of
+the People's Republic of China.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>SEC. 3. REPORT ON ARMS SALES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
+CHINA.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
+the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of
+Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall submit to
+the appropriate congressional committees a report on arms sales
+facilitated by entities in the People's Republic of China.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (b) Contents.--The report required by subsection (a) shall
+include an analysis of--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) the weapons systems and defense equipment
+originating from the People's Republic of China available for
+purchase;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) the technical aspects and capabilities of such
+weapons systems and defense equipment;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (3) how such weapons systems and defense equipment
+may impact the balance of power in the area of responsibility
+of each United States Combatant Command, when
+applicable;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (4) the weapons systems and defense equipment
+originating from the People's Republic of China that are
+considered direct alternatives to weapons systems and defense
+equipment originating from the United States;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (5) the weapons systems and defense equipment
+originating from the People's Republic of China that present
+the greatest security risks regarding the potential to collect
+intelligence on or compromise assets, weapons, or platforms of
+the United States;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (6) the countries mostly likely to procure weapons
+systems and defense equipment originating from the People's
+Republic of China, including the specific type, quantity, and
+estimated value in United States dollars of weapons, during the
+1-year period following the date of the submission of the
+report;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (7) the weapons systems and defense equipment in
+development as of the date of the submission of the report by
+entities in the People's Republic of China that could be
+available on the global market not later than 5 years after
+such date;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (8) the factors that incentivize countries to
+procure such weapons systems and defense equipment, including
+costs, flexible payment conditions and financing, a lack of
+end-user agreements, and speed of sale and delivery;
+and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (9) the strategy of the People's Republic of China
+regarding arms sales and variables that could influence such
+strategy.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (c) Form.--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) In general.--The report required by subsection
+(a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but shall include
+a classified annex.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) Classified annex.--The classified annex
+required by paragraph (1) shall contain--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (A) an assessment by the National
+Intelligence Council of the contents required by
+subsection (b); and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (B) an assessment by the Director of
+National Intelligence of the counterintelligence risks
+and risks of onward proliferation of technology and
+defense systems originating in the United States and
+created through the purchase, deployment, and use of
+weapons systems and defense equipment originating from
+the People's Republic of China by United States allies
+and partners.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
+section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
+</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee
+on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence
+of the Senate; and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee
+on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on
+Intelligence of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>SEC. 4. STRATEGY TO COMBAT ARMS SALES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
+OF CHINA.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
+the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with
+the Secretary of Defense, shall develop a strategy to dissuade
+purchases of new weapons systems and defense equipment, excluding spare
+parts or parts for maintenance of previously procured weapons,
+originating from the People's Republic of China.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (b) Elements.--The strategy shall include the following
+elements:</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) An information campaign targeting countries
+interested in procuring weapons systems and defense equipment
+originating from the People's Republic of China to warn such
+countries about--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (A) potential risks, including the lack of
+a proven track record in combat, insufficient training
+on the operation of the weapon or weapons system,
+reliability issues, and the lack of maintenance and
+spare parts available;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (B) the inability to integrate such
+weapons systems and defense equipment with weapons
+systems and defense equipment from the United States;
+and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (C) the potential limitation of future
+security cooperation with the United States that could
+arise if such weapons are acquired.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) A description of actions the United States can
+take, including reforms to the foreign military sales, direct
+commercial sales, and foreign military financing processes, to
+make weapons systems and defense equipment from the United
+States more attractive to prospective buyers of weapons systems
+or defense equipment originating from the People's Republic of
+China.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (3) A description of actions defense firms of the
+United States can take to provide competitive alternatives to
+prospective buyers of weapons systems and defense equipment
+originating from the People's Republic of China.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (4) An analysis of whether the use of sanctions,
+export controls, or other economic restrictions targeting
+buyers of new weapons systems or defense equipment originating
+from the People's Republic of China could serve as an effective
+deterrent.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (5) A plan to ensure sufficient representation of
+defense firms of the United States, or trusted allies, at
+defense expositions where defense firms of the People's
+Republic of China are also attending.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (6) A plan to combat Chinese disinformation
+campaigns targeting the performance of weapons or platforms
+produced by the United States or trusted allies.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (7) A plan to ensure close coordination with
+Congress to prevent disjointed engagement with
+countries.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (c) Report and Implementation Plan.--Not later than the
+date on which the strategy required by subsection (a) is completed, the
+Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional
+committees a report detailing the strategy and a plan for
+implementation.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (d) Form.--The report required by subsection (c) shall be
+submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified
+annex.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (e) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
+section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
+</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Armed Services and the
+Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Armed Services and the
+Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
+Representatives.</DELETED>
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
@@ -36,104 +236,74 @@
and Kit while Thwarting Weapons Imports from Chinese Entities Act of
2025'' or the ``THINK TWICE Act of 2025''.
-SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
-
-Congress finds the following:
-(1) The People's Republic of China is the fourth largest
-arms exporter behind the United States, the Russian Federation,
-and France.
-(2) Arms sales by entities in the People's Republic of
-China are an important element of the country's growing
-military power and geopolitical influence.
-(3) The People's Republic of China uses arms sales to
-promote strategic interests, including--
-(A) improving the image and reputation of the
-People's Liberation Army;
-(B) acquiring performance data of Chinese-made
-weapons in contested environments, which can be
-utilized by the People's Liberation Army;
-(C) exacerbating tensions between the United States
-and traditional security partners;
-(D) gaining a foothold for further defense and
-security cooperation with certain countries;
-(E) building relationships with senior political
-and military leaders in other countries, further
-expanding the diplomatic and strategic influence of the
-People's Republic of China;
-(F) protecting economic interests of the People's
-Republic of China by ensuring the security of foreign
-partner governments to safeguard Chinese investments
-and Chinese workers;
-(G) exerting influence over the progression of
-conflicts to serve the broader geostrategic aims of the
-People's Republic of China;
-(H) improving military operations and capabilities
-of partner states, thereby stabilizing regions of
-interest by addressing local issues, such as
-disturbances near the border of the People's Republic
-of China; and
-(I) subsidizing the research and development and
-production costs of weapons systems of the People's
-Republic of China.
-
-SEC. 3. REPORT ON ARMS SALES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
+SEC. 2. ASSESSMENT OF CHINESE ARMS SALES.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
-enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of
-Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall submit to
-the appropriate congressional committees a report on arms sales
-facilitated by entities in the People's Republic of China.
+enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 3 years, the
+Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary
+of Defense and the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate
+congressional committees a report on arms sales facilitated by entities
+in the People's Republic of China.
(b) Contents.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include
an analysis of--
-(1) the weapons systems and defense equipment originating
-from the People's Republic of China available for purchase;
+(1) the weapons systems and military equipment originating
+from the People's Republic of China available for purchase by
+foreign countries, including such weapons systems and military
+equipment available for purchase by or for the ultimate use of
+non-state actors;
(2) the technical aspects and capabilities of such weapons
-systems and defense equipment;
-(3) how such weapons systems and defense equipment may
+systems and military equipment;
+(3) how such weapons systems and military equipment may
impact the balance of power in the area of responsibility of
-each United States Combatant Command, when applicable;
-(4) the weapons systems and defense equipment originating
+each geographic combatant command, when applicable;
+(4) the weapons systems and military equipment originating
from the People's Republic of China that are considered direct
-alternatives to weapons systems and defense equipment
+alternatives to weapons systems and military equipment
originating from the United States;
-(5) the weapons systems and defense equipment originating
+(5) the weapons systems and military equipment originating
from the People's Republic of China that present the greatest
security risks regarding the potential to collect intelligence
on or compromise assets, weapons, or platforms of the United
States;
-(6) the countries mostly likely to procure weapons systems
-and defense equipment originating from the People's Republic of
-China, including the specific type, quantity, and estimated
-value in United States dollars of weapons, during the 1-year
-period following the date of the submission of the report;
-(7) the weapons systems and defense equipment in
+(6) the countries and non-state actors most likely to
+procure weapons systems and military equipment originating from
+the People's Republic of China, including the specific type,
+quantity, and estimated value in United States dollars of
+weapons, during the 1-year period following the date of the
+submission of the report;
+(7) the weapons systems and military equipment in
development as of the date of the submission of the report by
entities in the People's Republic of China that could be
available on the global market not later than 5 years after
such date;
(8) the factors that incentivize countries to procure such
-weapons systems and defense equipment, including costs,
+weapons systems and military equipment, including costs,
flexible payment conditions and financing, a lack of end-user
-agreements, and speed of sale and delivery; and
+agreements, and speed of sale and delivery;
(9) the strategy of the People's Republic of China
regarding arms sales and variables that could influence such
-strategy.
+strategy; and
+(10) the entities in the People's Republic of China that,
+through the facilitation of arms sales, have violated United
+Nations Security Council resolutions restricting the supply,
+sale, or transfer to the Islamic Republic of Iran and the
+Democratic People's Republic of Korea of arms, including United
+Nations Security Council Resolution 1747 (2007) and United
+Nations Security Council Resolution 1929 (2010).
(c) Form.--
(1) In general.--The report required by subsection (a)
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but shall include a
classified annex.
(2) Classified annex.--The classified annex required by
-paragraph (1) shall contain--
-(A) an assessment by the National Intelligence
-Council of the contents required by subsection (b); and
-(B) an assessment by the Director of National
-Intelligence of the counterintelligence risks and risks
-of onward proliferation of technology and defense
-systems originating in the United States and created
-through the purchase, deployment, and use of weapons
-systems and defense equipment originating from the
-People's Republic of China by United States allies and
-partners.
+paragraph (1) shall contain an assessment by the Director of
+National Intelligence of--
+(A) the contents required by subsection (b); and
+(B) the counterintelligence risks and risks of
+onward proliferation of technology and defense systems
+originating in the United States and created through
+the purchase, deployment, and use of weapons systems
+and military equipment originating from the People's
+Republic of China by United States allies and partners.
(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on
@@ -143,18 +313,18 @@
Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
-SEC. 4. STRATEGY TO COMBAT ARMS SALES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
+SEC. 3. STRATEGY TO COMBAT ARMS SALES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA.
(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the
Secretary of Defense, shall develop a strategy to dissuade purchases of
-new weapons systems and defense equipment, excluding spare parts or
+new weapons systems and military equipment, excluding spare parts or
parts for maintenance of previously procured weapons, originating from
the People's Republic of China.
(b) Elements.--The strategy shall include the following elements:
(1) An information campaign targeting countries interested
-in procuring weapons systems and defense equipment originating
+in procuring weapons systems and military equipment originating
from the People's Republic of China to warn such countries
about--
(A) potential risks, including the lack of a proven
@@ -163,35 +333,30 @@
issues, and the lack of maintenance and spare parts
available;
(B) the inability to integrate such weapons systems
-and defense equipment with weapons systems and defense
-equipment from the United States; and
+and military equipment with weapons systems and
+military equipment from the United States; and
(C) the potential limitation of future security
cooperation with the United States that could arise if
such weapons are acquired.
-(2) A description of actions the United States can take,
-including reforms to the foreign military sales, direct
-commercial sales, and foreign military financing processes, to
-make weapons systems and defense equipment from the United
+(2) A description of actions the United States Government
+can take, including creative financing and subsidized pricing,
+to make weapons systems and military equipment from the United
States more attractive to prospective buyers of weapons systems
-or defense equipment originating from the People's Republic of
+or military equipment originating from the People's Republic of
China.
-(3) A description of actions defense firms of the United
-States can take to provide competitive alternatives to
-prospective buyers of weapons systems and defense equipment
-originating from the People's Republic of China.
-(4) An analysis of whether the use of sanctions, export
+(3) An analysis of whether the use of sanctions, export
controls, or other economic restrictions targeting buyers of
-new weapons systems or defense equipment originating from the
+new weapons systems or military equipment originating from the
People's Republic of China could serve as an effective
deterrent.
-(5) A plan to ensure sufficient representation of defense
-firms of the United States, or trusted allies, at defense
-expositions where defense firms of the People's Republic of
-China are also attending.
-(6) A plan to combat Chinese disinformation campaigns
+(4) A description of actions defense firms of the United
+States can take to provide competitive alternatives to
+prospective buyers of weapons systems and military equipment
+originating from the People's Republic of China.
+(5) A plan to combat Chinese disinformation campaigns
targeting the performance of weapons or platforms produced by
the United States or trusted allies.
-(7) A plan to ensure close coordination with Congress to
+(6) A plan to ensure close coordination with Congress to
prevent disjointed engagement with countries.
(c) Report and Implementation Plan.--Not later than the date on
which the strategy required by subsection (a) is completed, the
@@ -206,4 +371,23 @@
Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
-<all>
+Calendar No. 238
+
+119th CONGRESS
+
+1st Session
+
+S. 2424
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+A BILL
+
+To require a report of, and a strategy to combat, arms sales of the
+Government of the People's Republic of China, and for other purposes.
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+October 30, 2025
+
+Reported with an amendment
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DEFFOR
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Cosponsors (2)
Members who signed on to support this bill.