S 2144
· 119th Congress
· Congress
A bill to improve the safety and security of Members of Congress, immediate family members of Members of Congress, and congressional staff.
Sponsor
Latest action
Held at the desk.
Action timeline
Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.
Oct 10, 2025
floor
Received in the House.
Oct 10, 2025
floor
Held at the desk.
Oct 08, 2025
floor
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Sep 29, 2025
committee
Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs discharged by Unanimous Consent.
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee
Sep 29, 2025
floor
Measure laid before Senate by unanimous consent. (consideration: CR S6844)
Sep 29, 2025
passed
Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent.
Sep 29, 2025
passed
Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent. (text: CR S6841-6842)
Jun 23, 2025
introduced
Introduced in Senate
Jun 23, 2025
introduced
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee
Text versions
Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.
Changelog
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih / is — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh / rfs — Referred to a committee for review.rh / rs — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs / pch — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh / es — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh / rds — Received by the other chamber.eah / eas — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath / ats — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih/is— Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh/rfs— Referred to a committee for review.rh/rs— Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs/pch— Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh/es— Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh/rds— Received by the other chamber.eah/eas— Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath/ats— Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr— Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl— Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp— Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.
+149
−89
71 unchanged
--- Introduced (Senate)
+++ Engrossed (Senate)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
-[S. 2144 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
+[S. 2144 Engrossed in Senate (ES)]
<DOC>
@@ -7,22 +7,9 @@
1st Session
S. 2144
-To improve the safety and security of Members of Congress, immediate
-family members of Members of Congress, and congressional staff.
-
_______________________________________________________________________
-IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
-
-June 23, 2025
-
-Ms. Klobuchar (for herself and Mr. Cruz) introduced the following bill;
-which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security
-and Governmental Affairs
-
-_______________________________________________________________________
-
-A BILL
+AN ACT
To improve the safety and security of Members of Congress, immediate
family members of Members of Congress, and congressional staff.
@@ -35,14 +22,16 @@
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Applicable legislative officers.--The term ``applicable
legislative officers'' means--
-(A) with respect to a Member of the Senate, the
-Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and the
-Secretary of the Senate, acting jointly; and
+(A) with respect to a Member of the Senate or a
+designated Senate employee, the Sergeant at Arms and
+Doorkeeper of the Senate and the Secretary of the
+Senate, acting jointly; and
(B) with respect to a Member of, or Delegate or
-Resident Commissioner to, the House of Representatives,
-the Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives
-and the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of
-Representatives, acting jointly.
+Resident Commissioner to, the House of Representatives
+or a designated House employee, the Sergeant at Arms of
+the House of Representatives and the Chief
+Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives,
+acting jointly.
(2) At-risk individual.--The term ``at-risk individual''
means--
(A) a Member of Congress;
@@ -53,41 +42,61 @@
in subparagraph (A) stands in loco parentis;
(D) any other individual living in the household of
an individual described in subparagraph (A);
-(E) any employee whose pay is disbursed by the
-Secretary of the Senate who is identified by the
-Director of Senate Security as the target of an ongoing
-threat; or
-(F) any employee whose pay is disbursed by the
-Chief Administrative Officer of the House of
-Representatives who is identified by the Director of
-the Office of House Security as the target of an
-ongoing threat.
-(3) Covered information.--The term ``covered information''
-means--
-(A) a home address, including a primary residence
-or secondary residences;
-(B) a home or personal mobile telephone number;
-(C) a personal email address;
-(D) a social security number or driver's license
+(E) any designated Senate employee;
+(F) any designated House employee; or
+(G) a former Member of Congress.
+(3) Candidate.--The term ``candidate'' has the meaning
+given the term in section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign
+Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101).
+(4) Covered employee.--The term ``covered employee'' has
+the same meaning given such term in section 101 of the
+Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301).
+(5) Covered information.--The term ``covered
+information''--
+(A) means--
+(i) a home address, including a primary
+residence or secondary residences;
+(ii) a home or personal mobile telephone
number;
-(E) a bank account or credit or debit card number;
-(F) a license plate number or other unique
-identifier of a vehicle owned, leased, or regularly
-used by an at-risk individual;
-(G) the identification of a child, who is under 18
-years of age, of an at-risk individual;
-(H) information regarding current or future school
-or day care attendance, including the name or addresses
-of the school or day care;
-(I) information regarding schedules of school or
-day care attendance or routes taken to or from the
-school or day care by an at-risk individual;
-(J) information regarding routes taken to or from
-an employment location by an at-risk individual; or
-(K) precise geolocation data that is not anonymized
-and can identify the location of a device of an at-risk
-individual.
-(4) Data broker.--
+(iii) a personal email address;
+(iv) a social security number or driver's
+license number;
+(v) a bank account or credit or debit card
+number;
+(vi) a license plate number or other unique
+identifier of a vehicle owned, leased, or
+regularly used by an at-risk individual;
+(vii) the identification of a child, who is
+under 18 years of age, of an at-risk
+individual;
+(viii) information regarding current or
+future school or day care attendance, including
+the name or addresses of the school or day
+care;
+(ix) information regarding schedules of
+school or day care attendance or routes taken
+to or from the school or day care by an at-risk
+individual;
+(x) information regarding routes taken to
+or from an employment location by an at-risk
+individual; or
+(xi) precise geolocation data that is not
+anonymized and can identify the location of a
+device of an at-risk individual; and
+(B) does not include information described in
+subparagraph (A) that is contained in--
+(i) any report or other record required to
+be filed with the Federal Election Commission;
+or
+(ii) any report or other record otherwise
+required under Federal or State law to be
+filed--
+(I) by an individual to qualify as
+a candidate for the office of Member of
+Congress; or
+(II) by any candidate for the
+office of Member of Congress.
+(6) Data broker.--
(A) In general.--The term ``data broker'' means a
commercial entity engaged in collecting, assembling, or
maintaining personal information concerning an
@@ -116,9 +125,9 @@
(iv) Providing publicly available
information via real-time or near-real-time
alert services for health or safety purposes.
-(v) A consumer reporting agency subject to
-the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681
-et seq.).
+(v) A consumer reporting agency, only while
+engaging in activity subject to the Fair Credit
+Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).
(vi) A financial institution subject to the
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Public Law 106-102) and
regulations implementing that Act.
@@ -131,13 +140,28 @@
of covered information incidental to conducting
the activities described in clauses (i) through
(vii).
-(5) Government agency.--The term ``Government agency''
+(7) Designated house employee.--The term ``designated House
+employee'' means--
+(A) a covered employee designated in writing by--
+(i) a Member of, or Delegate or Resident
+Commissioner to, the House of Representatives;
+or
+(ii) an officer of the House of
+Representatives; or
+(B) an officer of the House of Representatives.
+(8) Designated senate employee.--The term ``designated
+Senate employee'' means--
+(A) a covered employee designated in writing by--
+(i) a Member of the Senate; or
+(ii) an officer of the Senate; or
+(B) an officer of the Senate.
+(9) Government agency.--The term ``Government agency''
includes--
(A) an Executive agency, as defined in section 105
of title 5, United States Code; and
(B) any agency in the judicial branch or
legislative branch.
-(6) Immediate family member.--The term ``immediate family
+(10) Immediate family member.--The term ``immediate family
member'' means an at-risk individual--
(A) who is the spouse, parent, sibling, or child of
another at-risk individual;
@@ -145,12 +169,12 @@
loco parentis; or
(C) living in the household of another at-risk
individual.
-(7) Member of congress.--The term ``Member of Congress''
+(11) Member of congress.--The term ``Member of Congress''
means--
(A) a Member of the Senate; or
(B) a Member of, or Delegate or Resident
Commissioner to, the House of Representatives.
-(8) Transfer.--The term ``transfer'' means to sell,
+(12) Transfer.--The term ``transfer'' means to sell,
license, trade, or exchange for consideration the covered
information of an at-risk individual.
(b) Government Agencies.--
@@ -193,30 +217,49 @@
behalf of the at-risk individual. The notice or request shall
include information necessary to ensure compliance with this
section.
-(2) Authorization of legislative officers to make
-requests.--
+(2) Authorization of legislative officers and employees to
+make requests.--
(A) Legislative officers.--Upon written request of
-a Member of Congress, the applicable legislative
+a Member of Congress, designated Senate employee, or
+designated House employee, the applicable legislative
officers are authorized to make any notice or request
required or authorized by this section on behalf of the
-Member of Congress. The notice or request shall include
-information necessary to ensure compliance with this
-section, as determined by the applicable legislative
-officers. Any notice or request made under this
-paragraph shall be deemed to have been made by the
-Member of Congress and comply with the notice and
-request requirements of this section.
-(B) List.--In lieu of individual notices or
-requests, the applicable legislative officers may
-provide Government agencies, data brokers, persons,
-businesses, or associations with a list of Members of
-Congress and their immediate family members that
-includes information necessary to ensure compliance
-with this section, as determined by the applicable
-legislative officers for the purpose of maintaining
-compliance with this section. Such list shall be deemed
-to comply with individual notice and request
-requirements of this section.
+Member of Congress, designated Senate employee, or
+designated House employee, respectively. The notice or
+request shall include information necessary to ensure
+compliance with this section, as determined by the
+applicable legislative officers. Any notice or request
+made under this subparagraph shall be deemed to have
+been made by the Member of Congress, designated Senate
+employee, or designated House employee, as applicable,
+and comply with the notice and request requirements of
+this section.
+(B) List.--
+(i) In general.--In lieu of individual
+notices or requests, the applicable legislative
+officers may provide Government agencies, data
+brokers, persons, businesses, or associations
+with a list of--
+(I) Members of Congress, designated
+Senate employees, and designated House
+employees making a written request
+described in subparagraph (A); and
+(II) immediate family members of
+the Members of Congress, designated
+Senate employees, and designated House
+employees on whose behalf the written
+request was made.
+(ii) Contents.--A list provided under
+clause (i) shall include information necessary
+to ensure compliance with this section, as
+determined by the applicable legislative
+officers for the purpose of maintaining
+compliance with this section.
+(iii) Compliance with notice and request
+requirement.--A list provided under clause (i)
+shall be deemed to comply with individual
+notice and request requirements of this
+section.
(d) Data Brokers and Other Businesses.--
(1) Prohibitions.--
(A) Data brokers.--It shall be unlawful for a data
@@ -247,10 +290,10 @@
at-risk individual voluntarily
publishes on the internet after the
date of enactment of this Act; or
-(III) covered information received
-from a Federal Government source (or
-from an employee or agent of the
-Federal Government).
+(III) covered information lawfully
+received from a Federal Government
+source (or from an employee or agent of
+the Federal Government).
(2) Required conduct.--
(A) In general.--After receiving a written request
under paragraph (1)(B)(i), the person, business, or
@@ -323,4 +366,21 @@
be unconstitutional, the remaining provisions of this section, and the
application of the provision to any other person or circumstance, shall
not be affected.
-<all>
+
+Passed the Senate September 29, 2025.
+
+Attest:
+
+Secretary.
+119th CONGRESS
+
+1st Session
+
+S. 2144
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+AN ACT
+
+To improve the safety and security of Members of Congress, immediate
+family members of Members of Congress, and congressional staff.
Cosponsors (1)
Members who signed on to support this bill.