S 1000
· 119th Congress
· International Affairs
A bill to establish an Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic Affairs.
Sponsor
Latest action
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 231.
Action timeline
Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.
Oct 30, 2025
committee
Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported by Senator Risch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
Foreign Relations Committee
Oct 30, 2025
other
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 231.
Oct 22, 2025
committee
Committee on Foreign Relations. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
Foreign Relations Committee
Mar 12, 2025
introduced
Introduced in Senate
Mar 12, 2025
introduced
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Foreign Relations Committee
Text versions
Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.
Changelog
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih / is — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh / rfs — Referred to a committee for review.rh / rs — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs / pch — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh / es — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh / rds — Received by the other chamber.eah / eas — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath / ats — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih/is— Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh/rfs— Referred to a committee for review.rh/rs— Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs/pch— Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh/es— Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh/rds— Received by the other chamber.eah/eas— Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath/ats— Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr— Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl— Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp— Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.
+305
−46
31 unchanged
--- Introduced (Senate)
+++ Reported (Senate)
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
-[S. 1000 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
+[S. 1000 Reported in Senate (RS)]
<DOC>
+Calendar No. 231
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 1000
@@ -16,9 +17,15 @@
March 12, 2025
Ms. Murkowski (for herself, Mr. King, Mr. Sullivan, Mr. Coons, Mr.
-Graham, Mr. Welch, Ms. Collins, Ms. Slotkin, and Ms. Klobuchar)
-introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
-Committee on Foreign Relations
+Graham, Mr. Welch, Ms. Collins, Ms. Slotkin, Ms. Klobuchar, Mrs.
+Shaheen, and Mr. Bennet) introduced the following bill; which was read
+twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
+
+October 30, 2025
+
+Reported by Mr. Risch, with an amendment
+[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
+in italic]
_______________________________________________________________________
@@ -29,29 +36,31 @@
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
-SECTION 1. AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE FOR ARCTIC AFFAIRS.
-
-Title I of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22
-U.S.C. 2651a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new
-section:
-
-``SEC. 65. UNITED STATES AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE FOR ARCTIC AFFAIRS.
-
-``(a) Establishment.--There is authorized within the Department of
-State an Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic Affairs, appointed under
-subsection (b).
-``(b) Appointment.--The Ambassador shall be appointed by the
-President, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
-``(c) Duties.--The Ambassador is authorized to represent the United
-States in matters and cases relevant to Arctic affairs and shall be
-responsible to the Secretary of State for all matters, programs, and
-related activities pertaining to the Arctic region in the conduct of
-foreign policy by the Department, including, as appropriate, leading
-the coordination of programs carried out by United States Government
-agencies abroad, and such other related duties as the Secretary may
-from time to time designate.
-``(d) Areas of Responsibility.--The Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic
-Affairs is authorized to maintain continuous observation and
+<DELETED>SECTION 1. AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE FOR ARCTIC AFFAIRS.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> Title I of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of
+1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
+following new section:</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED>``SEC. 65. UNITED STATES AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE FOR ARCTIC
+AFFAIRS.</DELETED>
+
+<DELETED> ``(a) Establishment.--There is authorized within the
+Department of State an Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic Affairs,
+appointed under subsection (b).</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(b) Appointment.--The Ambassador shall be appointed by
+the President, by, and with the advice and consent of the
+Senate.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(c) Duties.--The Ambassador is authorized to represent
+the United States in matters and cases relevant to Arctic affairs and
+shall be responsible to the Secretary of State for all matters,
+programs, and related activities pertaining to the Arctic region in the
+conduct of foreign policy by the Department, including, as appropriate,
+leading the coordination of programs carried out by United States
+Government agencies abroad, and such other related duties as the
+Secretary may from time to time designate.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(d) Areas of Responsibility.--The Ambassador-at-Large
+for Arctic Affairs is authorized to maintain continuous observation and
coordination of all matters indicated by the Secretary of State,
including those pertaining to energy, environment, trade, and
infrastructure development and maintenance, and, in consultation with
@@ -59,22 +68,209 @@
to law enforcement and political-military affairs in the conduct of
foreign policy in the Arctic, including programs carried out by other
United States Government agencies when such programs pertain to the
-following matters, to the extent directed by the Secretary of State:
-``(1) National security.
-``(2) Strengthening cooperation among Arctic countries.
-``(3) The promotion of responsible natural resource
-management and economic development.
-``(4) Protecting the Arctic environment and conserving its
-biological resources.
-``(5) Arctic indigenous peoples, including by involving
-them in decisions that affect them.
-``(6) Scientific monitoring and research.
+following matters, to the extent directed by the Secretary of
+State:</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(1) National security.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(2) Strengthening cooperation among Arctic
+countries.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(3) The promotion of responsible natural
+resource management and economic development.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(4) Protecting the Arctic environment and
+conserving its biological resources.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(5) Arctic indigenous peoples, including by
+involving them in decisions that affect them.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(6) Scientific monitoring and
+research.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(e) Additional Duties.--In addition to the duties and
+responsibilities specified in subsections (c) and (d), the Ambassador-
+at-Large for Arctic Affairs shall also carry out such other relevant
+duties as the Secretary may assign.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(f) Definitions.--In this section:</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(1) Arctic region.--The term `Arctic region'
+means--</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(A) the geographic region north of the
+66.56083 parallel latitude north of the
+equator;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(B) all the United States territory
+north and west of the boundary formed by the Porcupine,
+Yukon, and Kuskokwim Rivers;</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(C) all contiguous seas, including the
+Arctic Ocean and the Beaufort, Bering, and Chukchi
+Seas; and</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(D) the Aleutian Chain.</DELETED>
+<DELETED> ``(2) Arctic countries.--The term `Arctic
+countries' means the permanent members of the Arctic Council,
+namely the United States, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Norway,
+Sweden, Finland, and Russia.''.</DELETED>
+
+SECTION 1. AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE FOR ARCTIC AFFAIRS.
+
+Title I of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22
+U.S.C. 2651a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new
+section:
+
+``SEC. 66. UNITED STATES AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE FOR ARCTIC AFFAIRS.
+
+``(a) Establishment.--There is authorized within the Department of
+State an Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic Affairs, appointed under
+subsection (b).
+``(b) Appointment.--The Ambassador shall be appointed by the
+President, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
+``(c) Duties.--The Ambassador shall carry out the following duties:
+``(1) Advance United States interests in the Arctic region.
+``(2) Engage with foreign governments, intergovernmental
+organizations, the Arctic Council, and other international or
+multilateral organizations of which the United States is a
+member or has observer status and which advance United States
+interests in the Arctic region.
+``(3) Facilitate the development and coordination of United
+States foreign policy and programs in the Arctic region.
+``(4) Coordinate with relevant offices, bureaus, and
+interagency partners on efforts to counter the malign influence
+of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in
+Arctic nations and Arctic multilateral fora and organizations.
+``(5) Coordinate the diplomatic objectives with respect to
+the activities described in paragraph (1), and, as appropriate,
+represent the United States within multilateral fora that
+address international cooperation and foreign policy matters in
+the Arctic region.
+``(6) Help inform, in coordination with the Bureau of
+Economic Affairs, transnational commerce and commercial
+maritime transit in the Arctic region.
+``(7) Ensure, in coordination with the Bureau of Oceans and
+International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, that
+scientific data, environmental monitoring, and scientific
+research cooperation is consistent with regional security
+planning programs and research security best practices in the
+Department of State and other relevant Departments and
+agencies.
+``(8) Consult, as appropriate, with Arctic indigenous
+communities, including by ensuring equal application and full
+protection of laws relating to investment screening, foreign
+influence, and other relevant national security regulations and
+statutes.
+``(9) Ensure that all actions taken to perform the duties
+described in this subsection are consistent with the Arctic
+Region Security Policy in accordance with subsection (f).
+``(10) Use the voice, vote, and influence of the United
+States to encourage other countries and international
+multilateral organizations to support the principles of the
+Arctic Region Security Policy implemented pursuant to
+subsection (f).
+``(d) Areas of Responsibility.--The Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic
+Affairs is authorized to maintain continuous observation and
+coordination on matters related to the following:
+``(1) Institutions for cooperation among the Arctic
+countries.
+``(2) Scientific monitoring and research on local,
+regional, and global environmental issues.
+``(3) Responsible natural resource management and economic
+development.
``(e) Additional Duties.--In addition to the duties and
responsibilities specified in subsections (c) and (d), the Ambassador-
at-Large for Arctic Affairs shall also carry out such other relevant
-duties as the Secretary may assign.
-``(f) Definitions.--In this section:
-``(1) Arctic region.--The term `Arctic region' means--
+duties as the Secretary of State may assign.
+``(f) Arctic Region Security Policy.--The Bureau of European and
+Eurasian Affairs shall be the lead bureau for developing and
+implementing the United States' Arctic Region Security Policy, in
+coordination with other relevant regional and functional bureaus and
+offices and relevant Federal departments and agencies to advance United
+States national security interests. The Arctic Region Security Policy
+shall advance United States national security interests by assessing,
+developing, budgeting for, and implementing plans, policies, and
+actions--
+``(1) to bolster the diplomatic presence of the United
+States in Arctic countries, including through enhancements to
+diplomatic missions and facilities, participation in regional
+and bilateral dialogues that advance United States interests
+related to Arctic security, and coordination of United States
+initiatives and assistance programs across agencies to protect
+the national security of the United States and its allies and
+partners;
+``(2) to enhance the resilience of Arctic countries to the
+economic, environmental, and security effects that may result
+from increased accessibility of the Arctic region;
+``(3) to assess specific added risks to the Arctic region
+and Arctic countries that--
+``(A) are vulnerable to the changing Arctic
+environment; and
+``(B) are strategically significant to the United
+States;
+``(4) to advance principles of good governance by
+encouraging and cooperating with Arctic countries on
+collaborative approaches--
+``(A) to responsibly manage natural resources in
+the Arctic region;
+``(B) to share the burden of ensuring maritime
+safety in the Arctic region;
+``(C) to address challenges posed by the
+militarization of the Arctic region by the Russian
+Federation;
+``(D) to address growing security cooperation in
+the Arctic region by the Russian Federation and
+People's Republic of China and the implications for
+United States national security interests and Arctic
+security;
+``(E) to develop multilateral policies among Arctic
+countries on the management of maritime transit routes
+through the Arctic region and work cooperatively on the
+transit policies for access to and transit in the
+Arctic Region by non-Arctic countries; and
+``(F) to facilitate the development of Arctic
+Region Security Action Plans to ensure effective
+implementation of the objectives identified in the
+Arctic Region Security Policy;
+``(5) to evaluate the vulnerability, security,
+survivability, and resiliency of United States interests in the
+Arctic region;
+``(6) to counter malign influence from the Russian
+Federation and the People's Republic of China in Arctic
+countries and Arctic multilateral fora, including through the
+exploitation or manipulation of--
+``(A) science and research partnerships or
+organizations;
+``(B) economic development projects in strategic
+sectors including transportation, energy, and
+telecommunications;
+``(C) educational, cultural, and religious
+organizations; and
+``(D) engagements with subnational and indigenous
+governance structures; and
+``(7) to increase coordination among North Atlantic Treaty
+Organization (NATO) Arctic allies on the protection of critical
+infrastructure, including energy, telecommunications, and
+scientific infrastructure.
+``(g) Restrictions and Requirements.--
+``(1) Scope of authority.--The Ambassador-at-Large for
+Arctic Affairs and any other personnel assigned to this office
+shall not have any authority, or role in decision-making on
+United States domestic policy issues beyond those directly
+related to United States foreign policy with international
+partners and stakeholders in the Arctic region.
+``(2) Briefings requirement.--The Ambassador-at-Large for
+Arctic Affairs shall provide periodic briefings to the Senate
+Foreign Relations Committee and the House Foreign Affairs
+Committee on diplomatic engagements in the Arctic.
+``(3) Guidance related to attendance and participation at
+arctic conferences and multilateral fora.--The Secretary shall
+disseminate guidance, in coordination with the Bureau of
+Diplomatic Security and relevant interagency partners, for the
+attendance and participation of United States Government
+officials at Arctic conferences and multilateral fora, taking
+into consideration--
+``(A) the potential for United States Government
+attendance to advance United States national security
+and foreign policy objectives; and
+``(B) the degree to which the organization hosting
+or funding a conference or other event is funded,
+controlled, or advances the interests of the Russian
+Federation or People's Republic of China.
+``(h) Definitions.--In this section:
+``(1) Arctic countries.--The term `Arctic countries' means
+the permanent members of the Arctic Council, namely the United
+States, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and
+Russia.
+``(2) Arctic region.--The term `Arctic region' means--
``(A) the geographic region north of the 66.56083
parallel latitude north of the equator;
``(B) all the United States territory north and
@@ -82,9 +278,72 @@
and Kuskokwim Rivers;
``(C) all contiguous seas, including the Arctic
Ocean and the Beaufort, Bering, and Chukchi Seas; and
-``(D) the Aleutian Chain.
-``(2) Arctic countries.--The term `Arctic countries' means
-the permanent members of the Arctic Council, namely the United
-States, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and
-Russia.''.
-<all>
+``(D) the Aleutian Chain.''.
+
+SEC. 2. REPORTS.
+
+(a) Report on Russian and Chinese Malign Influence in the Arctic
+Region.--
+(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
+the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the
+Secretary of State, in coordination with the Director of
+National Intelligence, the Secretary of Defense, and other
+relevant Departments and Federal agencies, shall submit to the
+Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee
+on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on
+Russian and Chinese malign influence in the Arctic region.
+(2) Contents.--The report required under paragraph (1)
+shall--
+(A) examine the Arctic strategies of Russia and
+China and their impact on United States national
+security, scientific, and foreign policy interests in
+the region;
+(B) examine Russian and Chinese cooperation in the
+Arctic region and implications for the United States;
+(C) examine the efforts of Russia and China to
+advance their strategic interests in the Arctic region
+through exploiting, manipulating, or co-opting non-
+governmental and international organizations in the
+Arctic region;
+(D) provide a list of multilateral engagements and
+conferences attended by the Ambassador-at-Large for
+Arctic Affairs during the reporting period and an
+explanation of how such engagements countered Russian
+and Chinese influence and advanced United States
+national security and foreign policy interests;
+(E) examine Russian and Chinese efforts to gain
+control and influence over key sectors in the Arctic
+region, including critical minerals, energy,
+transportation, and fishing;
+(F) assess Russian and Chinese efforts to exploit
+scientific and academic research in the Arctic,
+including through research partnerships with academic
+institutions in the United States and other Arctic
+countries; and
+(G) assess the tools, resources, and funding
+available to counter Russian and Chinese influence in
+the Arctic region.
+(3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be
+submitted in unclassified form, with a classified annex.
+(4) Sunset.--The reporting requirement in this section
+shall expire on the date that is 10 years after the date of the
+enactment of this Act.
+Calendar No. 231
+
+119th CONGRESS
+
+1st Session
+
+S. 1000
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+A BILL
+
+To establish an Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic Affairs.
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+October 30, 2025
+
+Reported with an amendment
Cosponsors (10)
Members who signed on to support this bill.