HR 4312
· 119th Congress
· Sports and Recreation
SCORE Act
Sponsor
Latest action
Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 916 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4312, H.R. 1005, H.R. 1049, H.R. 1069, H.R. 2965 and H.R. 4305. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 4312, H.R. 1005, H.R. 1049, H.R. 1069, H.R. 2965, and H.R. 4305 under a closed rule with one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each bill.
Action timeline
Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.
Dec 01, 2025
committee
Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 916 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4312, H.R. 1005, H.R. 1049, H.R. 1069, H.R. 2965 and H.R. 4305. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 4312, H.R. 1005, H.R. 1049, H.R. 1069, H.R. 2965, and H.R. 4305 under a closed rule with one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each bill.
Nov 25, 2025
committee
Supplemental report filed by the Committee on Energy and Commerce, H. Rept. 119-270, Part III.
Energy and Commerce Committee
Nov 25, 2025
committee
Supplemental report filed by the Committee on Education and Workforce, H. Rept. 119-270, Part IV.
Education and Workforce Committee
Sep 11, 2025
committee
Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Energy and Commerce. H. Rept. 119-270, Part I.
Energy and Commerce Committee
Sep 11, 2025
committee
Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-270, Part II.
Education and Workforce Committee
Sep 11, 2025
other
Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 226.
Jul 23, 2025
committee
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Education and Workforce Committee · Energy and Commerce Committee
Jul 23, 2025
committee
Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 18 - 17.
Education and Workforce Committee
Jul 23, 2025
committee
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 30 - 23.
Energy and Commerce Committee
Jul 15, 2025
committee
Subcommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade Subcommittee
Jul 15, 2025
committee
Forwarded by Subcommittee to Full Committee by the Yeas and Nays: 12 - 11.
Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade Subcommittee
Jul 10, 2025
introduced
Introduced in House
Jul 10, 2025
introduced
Referred to the Committee on Education and Workforce, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Education and Workforce Committee · Energy and Commerce Committee
Jul 10, 2025
committee
Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade.
Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade Subcommittee
Text versions
Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.
CRS summaries
Plain-English summaries written by the Congressional Research Service — neutral, nonpartisan staff who summarize bills as they advance through stages. The authoritative description of what each version of the bill does.
07
Reported to House
Sep 11, 2025
Student Compensation and Opportunity through Rights and Endorsements Act or the SCORE Act
This bill provides a framework for the compensation of student athletes for the use of their name, image, or likeness (NIL). This includes addressing certain elements of the court approved agreement to settle the In re College Athlete NIL Litigation (i.e., House settlement).
Specifically, the bill statutorily prohibits institutions, conferences, or interstate intercollegiate athletic associations (e.g., the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)) from restricting the ability of a student athlete to enter an NIL agreement.
The bill also requires institutions of higher education that generate $20 million or more in annual revenue from the institution's intercollegiate athletics activities to (1) provide counseling and medical benefits to student athletes, and (2) establish and maintain at least 16 varsity sports teams.
Further, the bill authorizes interstate intercollegiate athletic associations to establish rules with respect to athletic eligibility, transfers, recruitment, and the disclosure of NIL agreements.
Under the bill, student athletes may not be considered employees of an institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic association.
The bill also preempts state laws with respect to compensation, payments, benefits, employment status, eligibility, and academic standards applicable to student athletes.
Compliance with the provisions of this bill is considered lawful under federal and state antitrust laws.
via Congressional Research Service · published through congress.gov
Changelog
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih / is — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh / rfs — Referred to a committee for review.rh / rs — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs / pch — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh / es — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh / rds — Received by the other chamber.eah / eas — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath / ats — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih/is— Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh/rfs— Referred to a committee for review.rh/rs— Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs/pch— Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh/es— Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh/rds— Received by the other chamber.eah/eas— Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath/ats— Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr— Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl— Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp— Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.
+1207
−87
143 unchanged
--- Introduced (House)
+++ Reported (House)
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
-[H.R. 4312 Introduced in House (IH)]
+[H.R. 4312 Reported in House (RH)]
<DOC>
+Union Calendar No. 226
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 4312
+
+[Report No. 119-270, Parts I and II]
To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of student athletes and
to promote fair competition with respect to intercollegiate athletics,
@@ -25,6 +28,34 @@
each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the
jurisdiction of the committee concerned
+September 11, 2025
+
+Additional sponsors: Mr. Williams of Texas, Mr. Westerman, Mr. Flood,
+Mr. Cuellar, Mr. Vicente Gonzalez of Texas, Mr. Gooden, Mr. Suozzi, Mr.
+Carter of Georgia, Mr. Haridopolos, Mr. Cline, Mr. Barr, Mr. Grothman
+and Ms. Plaskett
+
+September 11, 2025
+
+Deleted sponsor: Mr. Moskowitz (added September 10, 2025; deleted
+September 11, 2025)
+
+September 11, 2025
+
+Reported from the Committee on Energy and Commerce with an amendment
+[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
+in italic]
+
+September 11, 2025
+
+Reported from the Committee on Education and Workforce with an
+amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State
+of the Union, and ordered to be printed
+[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
+in boldface roman]
+[For the text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on
+July 10, 2025]
+
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
@@ -44,24 +75,22 @@
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
-(1) Agent.--The term ``agent''--
-(A) means an individual who represents a student
-athlete with respect to a name, image, and likeness
-agreement or another agreement for compensation related
-to the participation of such student athlete on a
-varsity sports team; and
-(B) does not include an immediate family member of
-a student athlete, unless the immediate family member
-receives payment for representation described in
-subparagraph (A).
+(1) Agent.--The term ``agent'' means an individual who
+receives compensation to represent a student athlete with
+respect to--
+(A) a name, image, and likeness agreement; or
+(B) another agreement for compensation related to
+the participation of such student athlete on a varsity
+sports team.
(2) Antitrust laws.--The term ``antitrust laws'' has the
meaning given such term in the 1st section of the Clayton Act
-(15 U.S.C. 12) and section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission
-Act (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such section 5 applies to
-unfair methods of competition.
+(15 U.S.C. 12) and includes section 5 of the Federal Trade
+Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such section 5
+applies to unfair methods of competition.
(3) Associated entity or individual.--The term ``associated
-entity or individual'' means, with respect to an institution--
-(A) an entity that is known or should be known to
+entity or individual'' means, with respect to an institution,
+each of the following:
+(A) An entity that is known or should be known to
the employees of the athletic department of such
institution to exist, in significant part, for the
purpose of--
@@ -71,12 +100,12 @@
(ii) creating or identifying opportunities
relating to name, image, and likeness
agreements solely for the student athletes of
-such institution;
-(B) an individual who is or has been a member,
+such institution.
+(B) An individual who is or has been a member,
employee, director, officer, owner, or other
representative of an entity described in subparagraph
-(A);
-(C) an individual who directly or indirectly
+(A).
+(C) An individual who directly or indirectly
(including through contributions by an entity
affiliated with such individual or an immediate family
member of such individual) has contributed more than
@@ -86,16 +115,16 @@
Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics)
over the lifetime of the individual to the athletic
programs of such institution or to an entity described
-in subparagraph (A);
-(D) an individual or entity who--
+in subparagraph (A).
+(D) An individual or entity who--
(i) is directed or requested by the
employees of the athletic department of such
institution to assist in the recruitment or
retention of prospective student athletes or
student athletes, respectively; or
(ii) otherwise assists in such recruitment
-or retention; or
-(E) any entity (other than a publicly traded
+or retention.
+(E) Any entity (other than a publicly traded
corporation) owned, controlled, operated by, or
otherwise affiliated with an individual or entity
described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D).
@@ -136,11 +165,12 @@
otherwise described in this paragraph;
(G) for sponsorships, licensing agreements,
advertisements, royalties, and in-kind products and
-services as part of a sponsorship agreement; and
-(H) relating to any additional form of revenue an
-interstate intercollegiate athletic association uses
-with respect to the pool limit of such interstate
-intercollegiate athletic association.
+services as part of a sponsorship agreement; or
+(H) relating to any additional form of revenue,
+including fundraising, an interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association uses with respect to the pool
+limit of such interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association.
(5) Compensation.--The term ``compensation''--
(A) means, with respect to a student athlete or a
prospective student athlete, any form of payment or
@@ -200,13 +230,9 @@
members; and
(C) sets rules with respect to such intercollegiate
athletic competitions and championships.
-(7) Cost of attendance.--The term ``cost of attendance''--
-(A) has the meaning given such term in section 472
-of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ll);
-and
-(B) is calculated by the financial aid office of an
-institution applying the same standards, policies, and
-procedures for all students.
+(7) Cost of attendance.--The term ``cost of attendance''
+has the meaning given such term in section 472 of the Higher
+Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ll).
(8) Grant-in-aid.--The term ``grant-in-aid'' means a
scholarship, grant, stipend, or other form of financial
assistance, including the provision of tuition, room, board,
@@ -219,27 +245,26 @@
(9) Image.--The term ``image'' means, with respect to a
student athlete, a picture or a video that identifies, is
linked to, or is reasonably linkable to such student athlete.
-(10) Institution.--The term ``institution'' has the same
-meaning given the term ``institution of higher education'' in
-section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
-1001).
+(10) Institution.--The term ``institution'' has the meaning
+given the term ``institution of higher education'' in section
+102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002).
(11) Intercollegiate athletic competition.--The term
``intercollegiate athletic competition'' means any contest,
game, meet, match, tournament, regatta, or other event in which
varsity sports teams of more than 1 institution compete.
(12) Intercollegiate athletics.--The term ``intercollegiate
athletics''--
-(A) means the varsity sports teams for which
-eligibility requirements for participation by student
-athletes are established by a conference or an
+(A) means the varsity sports teams for which the
+length of time a student athlete is eligible to
+participate and the academic standards for
+participation are established by a conference or an
interstate intercollegiate athletic association; and
(B) does not include any recreational, intramural,
or club teams.
(13) Interstate intercollegiate athletic association.--The
term ``interstate intercollegiate athletic association''
means--
-(A) any entity incorporated in the United States
-that--
+(A) any entity that--
(i) sets common rules, standards,
procedures, or guidelines for the
administration and regulation of varsity sports
@@ -365,20 +390,73 @@
agent.
(c) Right to Privacy.--Except as provided by this Act, no
institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic
-association may release information disclosed to such entity by a
-student athlete with respect to a name, image, and likeness agreement
-without the express written consent of such student athlete.
+association may release information with respect to a name, image, and
+likeness agreement without the express written consent of any student
+athlete who is a party to such agreement.
+(d) Right to Transparent Agreements.--A name, image, and likeness
+agreement under which a student athlete is provided compensation in an
+amount greater than $600 shall be considered void from the inception of
+such agreement if such agreement does not satisfy the following:
+(1) The agreement is in writing.
+(2) The agreement contains the following:
+(A) A description of any services to be rendered
+under the agreement.
+(B) The names of the parties to the agreement.
+(C) The term of the agreement.
+(D) The amount of compensation to be provided to
+the student athlete under the agreement.
+(E) A provision specifying the circumstances or
+events under which the agreement may be terminated due
+to non-performance of obligations by the student
+athlete.
+(F) A provision specifying that the student athlete
+may terminate the agreement, notwithstanding any other
+term described in the agreement, beginning on the date
+that is 6 months after the date on which the student
+athlete is no longer enrolled at any institution.
+(G) The signature of the student athlete or, if the
+student athlete is under the age of 18 years, the
+signature of the parent or guardian of the student
+athlete.
+(e) Actions by States.--In any case in which the attorney general
+of a State, or an official or agency of a State, has reason to believe
+that an interest of the residents of such State has been or is
+threatened or adversely affected by an act or practice in violation of
+this section, the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on
+behalf of the residents of the State in an appropriate State court or
+an appropriate district court of the United States to--
+(1) enjoin such act or practice;
+(2) enforce compliance with this section;
+(3) obtain damages, restitution, or other compensation on
+behalf of residents of the State; or
+(4) obtain such other legal and equitable relief as the
+court may consider to be appropriate.
SEC. 4. SPORTS AGENT RESPONSIBILITY AND TRUST ACT.
The Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act (15 U.S.C. 7801 et
seq.) is amended--
-(1) in section 3(b)(3), by striking ``Warning to Student
+(1) in section 3(a)--
+(A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as
+paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and
+(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
+``(2) charge a student athlete a fee with respect to an
+endorsement contract that is in an amount that is greater than
+5 percent of the amount of the compensation provided to such
+student athlete under such contract;
+``(3) enter into an agency contract with a student athlete
+that does not include a provision specifying that the student
+athlete may terminate the agency contract, notwithstanding any
+other term described in the agency contract, beginning on the
+date that is 6 months after the date on which the student
+athlete is no longer enrolled at any institution (as defined in
+section 2 of the SCORE Act);'';
+(2) in section 3(b)(3), by striking ``Warning to Student
Athlete: If you agree orally or in writing to be represented by
an agent now or in the future you may lose your eligibility to
compete as a student athlete in your sport.'' and inserting
``Notice to Student Athlete:''; and
-(2) by adding at the end the following:
+(3) by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 9. DISCLOSURE AND CONSENT RELATING TO NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS
AGREEMENTS.
@@ -492,15 +570,18 @@
SEC. 6. ROLES OF INTERSTATE INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATIONS.
-An interstate intercollegiate athletic association is authorized to
-establish and enforce rules with respect to--
+(a) Authority to Establish Rules.--An interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association is authorized to establish and enforce rules with
+respect to--
(1) requiring a student athlete or prospective student
athlete to disclose, in a timely manner, the terms of a name,
image, and likeness agreement entered into by such student
athlete;
(2) establishing and implementing a process to collect and
publicly share aggregated and anonymized data related to the
-name, image, and likeness agreements of student athletes;
+name, image, and likeness agreements of student athletes
+(without regard to whether such an agreement includes an
+institution as a party to the agreement);
(3) prohibited compensation, including processes for
dispute resolution and penalties, if such rules provide that a
student athlete does not lose eligibility to compete in
@@ -522,7 +603,9 @@
provide that--
(A) on at least 1 occasion each student athlete may
transfer between institutions and be immediately
-eligible; and
+eligible to participate on a varsity sports team of the
+institution to which the student athlete transfers (if
+academically eligible to participate); and
(B) an institution to which a student athlete is
transferring or is considering transferring shall
provide to such student athlete, at the request of such
@@ -532,24 +615,26 @@
athlete that such institution will accept, including
with respect to the program of study of such student
athlete;
-(7) the eligibility of a student athlete to participate in
-intercollegiate athletics, such as rules with respect to the
-length of time a student athlete is eligible to compete and
-academic standards for eligibility;
-(8) establishing and implementing a process for agent
-registration, including--
-(A) setting parameters for the ability of member
+(7) the length of time a student athlete is eligible to
+participate in intercollegiate athletics and the academic
+standards to be eligible to participate in intercollegiate
+athletics;
+(8) establishing and implementing a process, including a
+database, with respect to agent registration, including--
+(A) setting qualifications to be registered as an
+agent;
+(B) setting parameters for the ability of member
institutions to negotiate with agents who are not
registered under such process; and
-(B) limiting the amount of the compensation under a
+(C) limiting the amount of the compensation under a
name, image, and likeness agreement between a student
athlete and an institution that may be provided to the
agent of such student athlete to not more than 5
percent of such compensation;
(9) the membership of, and participation in, such
-interstate intercollegiate athletic association, including any
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association (including any
championships administered by such interstate intercollegiate
-athletic association, under which such interstate
+athletic association), under which such interstate
intercollegiate athletic association may establish membership
qualifications, remove members, and otherwise regulate
participation; and
@@ -557,15 +642,61 @@
seasons, including rules with respect to season length, maximum
number of contests, and student athlete time demands (whether
during a playing season or outside of such season).
+(b) Requirements.--
+(1) Authority conditioned on compliance.--An interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association is only authorized to
+establish and enforce rules under subsection (a) if such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association is in
+compliance with this subsection and section 3.
+(2) Governance structure.--An interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association (except for an interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association that is also a conference) shall carry out
+the following:
+(A) Ensure that the membership of any board,
+committee, or other similar body of such interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association, if tasked with a
+decision-making role (including a decision-making role
+with respect to establishing or enforcing a rule under
+section 6(a)), satisfies the following:
+(i) Not less than 20 percent of the members
+of the board, committee, or body are
+individuals who are student athletes or were
+student athletes at any point during the
+preceding 10-year period, with--
+(I) men and women equally
+represented with respect to such
+individuals; and
+(II) each such individual
+participating in or having participated
+in a different sport.
+(ii) Not less than 30 percent of the
+members of the board, committee, or body
+represent institutions that are not among the
+70 highest earning member institutions of such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association
+with respect to annual college sports revenue.
+(B) Establish a council to serve as the primary
+deliberative body of the interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association and that is--
+(i) responsible for developing proposals
+with respect to policy; and
+(ii) composed of individuals who represent
+each conference that is a member of such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association.
SEC. 7. LIABILITY LIMITATION.
-Compliance with this Act and the adoption of, agreement to,
-compliance with, or enforcement of any rule, regulation, requirement,
-standard, or other provision established pursuant to, or in compliance
-with, this Act shall be treated as lawful under the antitrust laws and
-any similar State law, rule, regulation, requirement, standard, or
-other provision having the force and effect of law.
+(a) In General.--Adoption of, agreement to, compliance with, or
+enforcement of any rule, regulation, requirement, standard, or other
+provision established pursuant to, or in compliance with, section 6 of
+this Act shall be treated as lawful under the antitrust laws and any
+similar State provision having the force and effect of law.
+(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) may be
+construed to limit or otherwise affect any provision of law, including
+any provision of Federal or State law or the common law, other than the
+antitrust laws and any similar State provision having the force and
+effect of law.
SEC. 8. EMPLOYMENT STANDING.
@@ -645,29 +776,1018 @@
SEC. 10. PREEMPTION.
-No State, or political subdivision of a State, may maintain,
-enforce, prescribe, or continue in effect any law, rule, regulation,
-requirement, standard, or other provision having the force and effect
-of law that--
+(a) In General.--No State, or political subdivision of a State, may
+maintain, enforce, prescribe, or continue in effect any law, rule,
+regulation, requirement, standard, or other provision having the force
+and effect of law that conflicts with this Act, including the
+amendments made by this Act, and that--
(1) governs or regulates the compensation, payment,
-benefits, employment status, or eligibility of a student
-athlete (including a prospective student athlete) with respect
-to participation in intercollegiate athletics, including any
-law, rule, regulation, requirement, standard, or other
-provision that relates to the right of a student athlete to
-receive compensation or other payments or benefits directly or
-indirectly from any institution, associated entity or
-individual, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic
-association;
+benefits, or employment status of a student athlete (including
+a prospective student athlete) with respect to participation in
+intercollegiate athletics, including any law, rule, regulation,
+requirement, standard, or other provision that--
+(A) relates to the right of a student athlete to
+receive compensation or other payments or benefits
+directly or indirectly from any institution, associated
+entity or individual, conference, or interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association; or
+(B) relates to the length of time a student athlete
+is eligible to participate in intercollegiate athletics
+or the academic standards to be eligible to participate
+in intercollegiate athletics;
(2) limits or restricts a right provided to an institution,
a conference, or an interstate intercollegiate athletic
-association under this Act;
+association under this Act; or
(3) requires a release of or license to use the name,
image, and likeness rights of any individual participant, or
group of participants, in an intercollegiate athletic
competition (or an individual spectator or group of spectators
at an intercollegiate athletic competition) for purposes of
audio-visual, audio, or visual broadcasts or other
-distributions of such intercollegiate athletic competition; or
-(4) is otherwise related to this Act.
-<all>
+distributions of such intercollegiate athletic competition.
+(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) may be
+construed to--
+(1) relieve any person of liability under a State law of
+general applicability that does not conflict with this Act,
+including the amendments made by this Act; or
+(2) relieve any person of liability under common law.
+
+SEC. 11. REPORTS.
+
+(a) Federal Trade Commission Study.--
+(1) Study.--The Federal Trade Commission shall conduct a
+study to analyze the impacts of establishing a program,
+administered by an entity independent of any institution,
+conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic association,
+to develop standards for, certify as compliant with such
+standards, and otherwise regulate agents who enter into
+agreements with student athletes, which shall include an
+analysis of--
+(A) options for establishing such a program;
+(B) potential sources of funding for such a
+program;
+(C) a reasonable timeline for establishing such a
+program; and
+(D) the costs and benefits associated with such a
+program.
+(2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
+enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Commission shall
+submit to Congress a report on the results of the study
+conducted under paragraph (1), which shall include legislative
+recommendations with respect to the establishment and funding
+of the program described in such paragraph.
+(b) Compliance Reporting.--
+(1) Biennial report.--Not later than 180 days after the
+date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 years
+thereafter, each interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association shall submit to Congress a report that includes--
+(A) a summary of the issues faced by such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association
+relating to compliance with this Act, including the
+amendments made by this Act;
+(B) a summary of the trends among institutions,
+conferences, and interstate intercollegiate athletic
+associations relating to such compliance; and
+(C) recommendations to improve the health, safety,
+and educational opportunities of student athletes.
+(2) Comptroller general report.--Not later than 5 years
+after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 5 years
+thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States
+shall--
+(A) conduct an investigation with respect to
+compliance with this Act, including the amendments made
+by this Act; and
+(B) submit to Congress a report that includes--
+(i) a summary of the findings of the
+investigation conducted under subparagraph (A);
+and
+(ii) recommendations to improve the health,
+safety, and educational opportunities of
+student athletes.
+(c) Study on Olympic Sports.--
+(1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United
+States shall conduct a study--
+(A) to assess the impact of this Act on Olympic
+Sports, including the funding of Olympic Sports; and
+(B) to develop recommendations for support of
+Olympic Sports, given the unique nature of Olympic
+Sports and intercollegiate athletics in the United
+States.
+(2) Contents.--The study conducted under paragraph (1)
+shall include--
+(A) a survey of international models of support for
+Olympic Sports, including models that could be adapted
+to the unique nature of Olympic Sports and
+intercollegiate athletics in the United States;
+(B) the projected scale and magnitude of potential
+support for Olympic Sports, given historic levels of
+support provided by institutions;
+(C) the coordination required to develop and
+cultivate Olympic Sports at institutions; and
+(D) an analysis of the trends with respect to
+roster sizes for Olympic Sports at institutions, with a
+focus on the top 70 highest earning institutions with
+respect to average annual college sports revenue.
+(3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
+enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United
+States shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the
+study conducted under paragraph (1).
+(4) Olympic sports defined.--In this subsection, the term
+``Olympic Sports'' means the sports officially recognized and
+contested during the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
+
+SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
+
+This Act may be cited as the ``Student Compensation and Opportunity
+through Rights and Endorsements Act'' or the ``SCORE Act''.
+
+SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
+
+In this Act:
+(1) Agent.--The term ``agent'' means an individual who
+receives compensation to represent a student athlete with
+respect to--
+(A) a name, image, and likeness agreement; or
+(B) another agreement for compensation related to
+the participation of such student athlete on a varsity
+sports team.
+(2) Antitrust laws.--The term ``antitrust laws'' has the
+meaning given such term in the 1st section of the Clayton Act
+(15 U.S.C. 12) and includes section 5 of the Federal Trade
+Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such section 5
+applies to unfair methods of competition.
+(3) Associated entity or individual.--The term ``associated
+entity or individual'' means, with respect to an institution,
+each of the following:
+(A) An entity that is known or should be known to
+the employees of the athletic department of such
+institution to exist, in significant part, for the
+purpose of--
+(i) promoting or supporting the varsity
+sports teams or student athletes of such
+institution; or
+(ii) creating or identifying opportunities
+relating to name, image, and likeness
+agreements solely for the student athletes of
+such institution.
+(B) An individual who is or has been a member,
+employee, director, officer, owner, or other
+representative of an entity described in subparagraph
+(A).
+(C) An individual who directly or indirectly
+(including through contributions by an entity
+affiliated with such individual or an immediate family
+member of such individual) has contributed more than
+$50,000 (as adjusted on July 1 each year by the
+percentage increase (if any), during the preceding 12-
+month period, in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban
+Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics)
+over the lifetime of the individual to the athletic
+programs of such institution or to an entity described
+in subparagraph (A).
+(D) An individual or entity who--
+(i) is directed or requested by the
+employees of the athletic department of such
+institution to assist in the recruitment or
+retention of prospective student athletes or
+student athletes, respectively; or
+(ii) otherwise assists in such recruitment
+or retention.
+(E) Any entity (other than a publicly traded
+corporation) owned, controlled, operated by, or
+otherwise affiliated with an individual or entity
+described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D).
+(4) College sports revenue.--The term ``college sports
+revenue'' means any revenue (without regard to ownership or
+legal title to such revenue) received by an institution with
+respect to intercollegiate athletics--
+(A) from the sale of admission to intercollegiate
+athletic competitions or any other event involving a
+varsity sports team, including actual monetary revenue
+received by or for the benefit of such institution for
+a suite license (unless such suite license is
+associated with philanthropy or any purpose not related
+to intercollegiate athletic competitions, including a
+concert);
+(B) from participation by the varsity sports teams
+of such institution in intercollegiate athletic
+competitions held at other institutions, including
+payments received due to cancellations of such
+intercollegiate athletic competitions;
+(C) for radio, television, internet, digital, and
+e-commerce rights, including revenue relating to media
+rights distributed by a conference to members of the
+conference, if applicable;
+(D) from an interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association, including any grant, distribution of
+revenue, reimbursement relating to travel with respect
+to a championship of such interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association, and payment for hosting such a
+championship;
+(E) generated by a post-season football bowl,
+including any distribution of revenue by a conference
+to members of the conference and any other payment
+related to the participation of such institution in
+such post-season football bowl, including for ticket
+sales and reimbursement of expenses;
+(F) from a conference, other than any revenue
+otherwise described in this paragraph;
+(G) for sponsorships, licensing agreements,
+advertisements, royalties, and in-kind products and
+services as part of a sponsorship agreement; or
+(H) relating to any additional form of revenue,
+including fundraising, an interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association uses with respect to the pool
+limit of such interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association.
+(5) Compensation.--The term ``compensation''--
+(A) means, with respect to a student athlete or a
+prospective student athlete, any form of payment or
+remuneration, whether provided through cash, benefits,
+awards, or any other means, including payments for--
+(i) licenses relating to, or the use of,
+name, image, and likeness rights; or
+(ii) licenses relating to, or the use of,
+any other Federal or State intellectual or
+intangible property right; and
+(B) does not include--
+(i) grants-in-aid;
+(ii) Federal Pell Grants and other Federal
+or State grants unrelated to and not awarded
+with regard to participation in intercollegiate
+athletics;
+(iii) health insurance and payments for the
+costs of health care, including health
+insurance and payments for the costs of health
+care wholly or partly self-funded by an
+institution, conference, or interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association;
+(iv) disability and loss-of-value
+insurance, including disability and loss-of-
+value insurance that is wholly or partly self-
+funded by an institution, conference, or
+interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association;
+(v) career counseling, job placement
+services, and other guidance available to all
+students at an institution;
+(vi) payment of hourly wages and benefits
+for work actually performed (and not for
+participation in intercollegiate athletics) at
+a rate commensurate with the going rate in the
+locality of an institution for similar work;
+(vii) academic awards paid to student
+athletes by institutions;
+(viii) provision of financial literacy or
+tax education resources and guidance; or
+(ix) any program to connect student
+athletes with employers and facilitate
+employment opportunities, if--
+(I) the financial terms of such
+employment opportunities are consistent
+with the terms offered to similarly
+situated employees who are not student
+athletes; and
+(II) such program is not used to
+induce a student athlete to attend a
+particular institution.
+(6) Conference.--The term ``conference'' means an entity
+that--
+(A) has as members 2 or more institutions;
+(B) arranges regular season intercollegiate
+athletic competitions and championships for such
+members; and
+(C) sets rules with respect to such intercollegiate
+athletic competitions and championships.
+(7) Cost of attendance.--The term ``cost of attendance''
+has the meaning given such term in section 472 of the Higher
+Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ll).
+(8) Grant-in-aid.--The term ``grant-in-aid'' means a
+scholarship, grant, stipend, or other form of financial
+assistance, including the provision of tuition, room, board,
+books, or funds for fees or personal expenses, that--
+(A) is paid or provided by an institution to a
+student for the undergraduate or graduate course of
+study of the student; and
+(B) is in an amount that does not exceed the cost
+of attendance at the institution for such student.
+(9) Image.--The term ``image'' means, with respect to a
+student athlete, a picture or a video that identifies, is
+linked to, or is reasonably linkable to such student athlete.
+(10) Institution.--The term ``institution'' has the meaning
+given the term ``institution of higher education'' in section
+102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002).
+(11) Intercollegiate athletic competition.--The term
+``intercollegiate athletic competition'' means any contest,
+game, meet, match, tournament, regatta, or other event in which
+varsity sports teams of more than 1 institution compete.
+(12) Intercollegiate athletics.--The term ``intercollegiate
+athletics''--
+(A) means the varsity sports teams for which the
+length of time a student athlete is eligible to
+participate and the academic standards for
+participation are established by a conference or an
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association; and
+(B) does not include any recreational, intramural,
+or club teams.
+(13) Interstate intercollegiate athletic association.--The
+term ``interstate intercollegiate athletic association''
+means--
+(A) any entity that--
+(i) sets common rules, standards,
+procedures, or guidelines for the
+administration and regulation of varsity sports
+teams and intercollegiate athletic
+competitions;
+(ii) is composed of 2 or more institutions
+or conferences located in more than 1 State;
+and
+(iii) has rules or bylaws prohibiting the
+provision of prohibited compensation to student
+athletes and prospective student athletes; and
+(B) does not include any entity affiliated with
+professional athletic competitions.
+(14) Likeness.--The term ``likeness'' means, with respect
+to a student athlete, a physical or digital depiction or
+representation that identifies, is linked to, or is reasonably
+linkable to such student athlete.
+(15) Name.--The term ``name'' means, with respect to a
+student athlete, the first, middle, or last name, or the
+nickname or former name, of such student athlete if used in a
+context that identifies, is linked to, or is reasonably
+linkable to such student athlete.
+(16) Name, image, and likeness agreement.--The term ``name,
+image, and likeness agreement'' means a contract or similar
+agreement under which a student athlete licenses or authorizes,
+or a contract or similar agreement that otherwise is in
+relation to, the commercial use of the name, image, or likeness
+of the student athlete.
+(17) Name, image, and likeness rights.--The term ``name,
+image, and likeness rights'' means rights recognized under
+Federal or State law that allow an individual to control and
+profit from the commercial use of the name, image, and likeness
+of such individual, including all rights commonly referred to
+as ``publicity rights''.
+(18) Pool limit.--The term ``pool limit'' means a dollar
+amount based on college sports revenue that--
+(A) is calculated and published by an interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association pursuant to the
+rules the interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association establishes under section 6; and
+(B) serves as the annual maximum amount that an
+institution that is a member of such interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association may provide, in
+total, to student athletes of such institution,
+including in the form of a name, image, and likeness
+agreement or direct payment.
+(19) Prohibited compensation.--The term ``prohibited
+compensation'' means--
+(A) compensation (including an agreement for
+compensation) to a student athlete from an associated
+entity or individual of the institution at which the
+student athlete is enrolled (or to a prospective
+student athlete from an associated entity or individual
+of an institution for which the prospective student
+athlete is being recruited) for any license or use of
+the name, image, and likeness rights of such student
+athlete or prospective student athlete (or any other
+license or use), unless the license or use is for a
+valid business purpose related to the promotion or
+endorsement of goods or services provided to the
+general public for profit, with compensation at rates
+and terms commensurate with compensation paid to
+individuals with name, image, and likeness rights of
+comparable value who are not student athletes or
+prospective student athletes with respect to such
+institution; and
+(B) compensation to a student athlete (or a
+prospective student athlete) if such compensation is
+paid by or on behalf of the institution at which the
+student athlete is enrolled (or for which the
+prospective student athlete is being recruited) and
+results in the exceeding of the pool limit established
+by the interstate intercollegiate athletic association
+of which such institution is a member.
+(20) Prospective student athlete.--The term ``prospective
+student athlete'' means an individual who is solicited to
+enroll at an institution by, or at the direction of, an
+employee or an associated entity or individual of the
+institution in order for such individual to participate in a
+varsity sports team of such institution.
+(21) State.--The term ``State'' means each State of the
+United States, the District of Columbia, and each commonwealth,
+territory, or possession of the United States.
+(22) Student athlete.--The term ``student athlete'' means
+an individual who--
+(A) is enrolled or has agreed to enroll at an
+institution; and
+(B) participates in a varsity sports team of such
+institution.
+(23) Varsity sports team.--The term ``varsity sports team''
+means an entity composed of an individual or group of
+individuals enrolled at an institution that is organized by
+such institution for the purpose of participation in
+intercollegiate athletic competitions.
+
+SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS RIGHTS OF STUDENT
+ATHLETES.
+
+(a) Right To Enter Into Name, Image, and Likeness Agreements.--
+(1) In general.--No institution, conference, or interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association may restrict the ability
+of a student athlete to enter into a name, image, and likeness
+agreement.
+(2) Exceptions.--
+(A) Prohibited compensation.--Paragraph (1) does
+not apply with respect to a name, image, and likeness
+agreement to the extent such agreement provides
+prohibited compensation.
+(B) Codes of conduct and conflicting agreements.--
+Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an institution may
+restrict the ability of a student athlete of such
+institution (including a prospective student athlete
+who has agreed to attend such institution) to enter
+into a name, image, and likeness agreement that--
+(i) violates the code of conduct of such
+institution; or
+(ii) conflicts with the terms of a contract
+or similar agreement to which such institution
+is a party.
+(b) Right to Representation.--Except as provided by this Act, no
+institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association may restrict the ability of a student athlete to obtain an
+agent.
+(c) Right to Privacy.--Except as provided by this Act, no
+institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association may release information with respect to a name, image, and
+likeness agreement without the express written consent of any student
+athlete who is a party to such agreement.
+(d) Right to Transparent Agreements.--A name, image, and likeness
+agreement under which a student athlete is provided compensation in an
+amount greater than $600 shall be considered void from the inception of
+such agreement if such agreement does not satisfy the following:
+(1) The agreement is in writing.
+(2) The agreement contains the following:
+(A) A description of any services to be rendered
+under the agreement.
+(B) The names of the parties to the agreement.
+(C) The term of the agreement.
+(D) The amount of compensation to be provided to
+the student athlete under the agreement.
+(E) A provision specifying the circumstances or
+events under which the agreement may be terminated due
+to non-performance of obligations by the student
+athlete.
+(F) A provision specifying that the student athlete
+may terminate the agreement, notwithstanding any other
+term described in the agreement, beginning on the date
+that is 6 months after the date on which the student
+athlete is no longer enrolled at any institution.
+(G) The signature of the student athlete or, if the
+student athlete is under the age of 18 years, the
+signature of the parent or guardian of the student
+athlete.
+(e) Actions by States.--In any case in which the attorney general
+of a State, or an official or agency of a State, has reason to believe
+that an interest of the residents of such State has been or is
+threatened or adversely affected by an act or practice in violation of
+this section, the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on
+behalf of the residents of the State in an appropriate State court or
+an appropriate district court of the United States to--
+(1) enjoin such act or practice;
+(2) enforce compliance with this section;
+(3) obtain damages, restitution, or other compensation on
+behalf of residents of the State; or
+(4) obtain such other legal and equitable relief as the
+court may consider to be appropriate.
+
+SEC. 4. SPORTS AGENT RESPONSIBILITY AND TRUST ACT.
+
+The Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act (15 U.S.C. 7801 et
+seq.) is amended--
+(1) in section 3(b)(3), by striking ``Warning to Student
+Athlete: If you agree orally or in writing to be represented by
+an agent now or in the future you may lose your eligibility to
+compete as a student athlete in your sport.'' and inserting
+``Notice to Student Athlete:''; and
+(2) by adding at the end the following:
+
+``SEC. 9. DISCLOSURE AND CONSENT RELATING TO NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS
+AGREEMENTS.
+
+``(a) In General.--An athlete agent who assists a student athlete
+with an endorsement contract shall disclose in writing to the student
+athlete--
+``(1) whether the athlete agent is registered with an
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association (as defined in
+section 2 of the SCORE Act); and
+``(2) if the athlete agent is registered with an interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association, whether the athlete agent
+is registered with the interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association that has as a member the institution (as defined in
+section 2 of the SCORE Act) at which the student athlete is
+enrolled.
+``(b) Consent.--In the case of an athlete agent who is not
+registered with an interstate intercollegiate athletic association, the
+athlete agent may only assist a student athlete with an endorsement
+contract if the student athlete (or, in the case of a student athlete
+who is under 18 years of age, the parent or guardian of the student
+athlete) provides to the athlete agent written consent for such
+assistance after receiving the disclosure under subsection (a).
+``(c) Enforcement.--
+``(1) In general.--If an attorney general of a State has
+reason to believe that an interest of the residents of that
+State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by the
+engagement of any athlete agent in a practice that violates
+this section, the attorney general may bring a civil action
+pursuant to section 5 in the same manner as the attorney
+general may bring a civil action with respect to a violation of
+section 3.
+``(2) Sole authority.--No individual or entity other than
+an attorney general of a State may enforce this section.
+``(3) No federal notice necessary.--Subsections (a)(2),
+(b), and (d) of section 5 do not apply to an action brought by
+an attorney general of a State pursuant to this subsection.''.
+
+SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN INSTITUTIONS.
+
+(a) Requirements.--An institution described in subsection (c)
+shall--
+(1) provide comprehensive academic support and career
+counseling services to student athletes that include life
+skills development programs with respect to--
+(A) mental health, including alcohol and substance
+abuse;
+(B) strength and conditioning;
+(C) nutrition;
+(D) name, image, and likeness rights;
+(E) access to legal and tax services provided by
+entities other than an institution;
+(F) financial literacy;
+(G) career readiness and counseling;
+(H) the process for transferring between
+institutions; and
+(I) sexual violence prevention and consequences;
+(2) provide medical and health benefits to student athletes
+that include--
+(A) medical care, including payment of out-of-
+pocket expenses, for an injury of a student athlete
+incurred during the involvement of such student athlete
+in intercollegiate athletics for such institution that
+is available to such student athlete during the period
+of enrollment of such student athlete with such
+institution and a period of at least 3 years following
+graduation or separation from such institution (unless
+such separation is due to violation of a code of
+conduct);
+(B) mental health services and support, including
+mental health educational materials and resources;
+(C) an administrative structure that provides
+independent medical care, including with respect to
+decisions regarding return to play; and
+(D) a certification of insurance coverage for
+medical expenses resulting from injuries of student
+athletes incurred during the involvement of such
+student athletes in intercollegiate athletics for such
+institution;
+(3) maintain a grant-in-aid provided to a student athlete
+in relation to the involvement of such student athlete in
+intercollegiate athletics during the period of that grant-in-
+aid for such institution without regard to--
+(A) athletic performance;
+(B) contribution to team success;
+(C) injury, illness, or physical or mental
+condition; or
+(D) receipt of compensation pursuant to a name,
+image, and likeness agreement;
+(4) provide degree completion assistance--
+(A) for each former student athlete of such
+institution--
+(i) who received a grant-in-aid from such
+institution;
+(ii) who was a student athlete at such
+institution on or after the date of enactment
+of this Act and who ceased participating as a
+student athlete for a reason other than a
+reason described in clause (i) or (ii) of
+subparagraph (D);
+(iii) who has not received a bachelor's
+degree (or an equivalent degree) from any
+institution; and
+(iv) for whom such institution is the last
+institution such former student athlete
+attended;
+(B) that makes available to such former student
+athlete, for the period described in subparagraph (C)
+and subject to subparagraph (D), financial aid in an
+annual amount that is equal to the average annual
+grant-in-aid provided to such former student athlete
+during the period that such former student athlete was
+a student athlete at such institution;
+(C) for the period beginning on the last date of
+the final period of enrollment during which such former
+student athlete was a student athlete at such
+institution and ending on the date that such former
+student athlete completes a bachelor's degree (or an
+equivalent degree), not to exceed 7 years; and
+(D) that prohibits a former student athlete from
+receiving the financial aid described in subparagraph
+(B) if such former student athlete--
+(i) fails to meet the institution's
+academic progress requirements for the degree
+program; or
+(ii) violates the institution's code of
+conduct; and
+(5) establish, not later than July 1, 2027, and thereafter
+maintain, at least 16 varsity sports teams and, if a recipient
+of Federal financial assistance, establish and maintain such
+teams in accordance with section 106.41(c) of title 34, Code of
+Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
+(b) Collaboration.--An institution may carry out subsection (a) in
+conjunction with a conference or interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association.
+(c) Applicability.--An institution is described in this subsection
+if such institution reports (as required under section 485(g) of the
+Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(g))) having generated not
+less than $20,000,000 (as adjusted on July 1 each year by the
+percentage increase (if any), during the preceding 12-month period, in
+the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the
+Bureau of Labor Statistics) in total revenue derived by the institution
+from the institution's intercollegiate athletics activities during the
+preceding academic year, as determined in accordance with paragraph
+(1)(I) of section 485(g) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
+1092(g)), as amended by this Act.
+(d) Program Participation Agreements.--Section 487(a) of the Higher
+Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094(a)) is amended by adding at the
+end the following:
+``(30) In the case of an institution described in
+subsection (c) of section 5 of the SCORE Act, the institution
+will comply with subsection (a) of such section.''.
+
+SEC. 6. ROLES OF INTERSTATE INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATIONS.
+
+(a) Authority to Establish Rules.--An interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association is authorized to establish and enforce rules with
+respect to--
+(1) requiring a student athlete or prospective student
+athlete to disclose, in a timely manner, the terms of a name,
+image, and likeness agreement entered into by such student
+athlete;
+(2) establishing and implementing a process to collect and
+publicly share aggregated and anonymized data related to the
+name, image, and likeness agreements of student athletes
+(without regard to whether such an agreement includes an
+institution as a party to the agreement);
+(3) prohibited compensation, including processes for
+dispute resolution and penalties, if such rules provide that a
+student athlete does not lose eligibility to compete in
+intercollegiate athletic competitions while a process for
+dispute resolution is ongoing;
+(4) setting parameters for the manner in which and the time
+period during which student athletes and prospective student
+athletes may be recruited for intercollegiate athletics;
+(5) calculating a pool limit, if such rules provide that
+such pool limit is at least 22 percent of the average annual
+college sports revenue of the 70 highest earning (with respect
+to such revenue) member institutions of such interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association (or, if such interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association has fewer than 70 members,
+the average annual college sports revenue of all members), and
+monitoring payments of compensation related to such pool limit;
+(6) setting parameters for the manner in which a student
+athlete may transfer between institutions, if such rules
+provide that--
+(A) on at least 1 occasion each student athlete may
+transfer between institutions and be immediately
+eligible to participate on a varsity sports team of the
+institution to which the student athlete transfers (if
+academically eligible to participate); and
+(B) an institution to which a student athlete is
+transferring or is considering transferring shall
+provide to such student athlete, at the request of such
+student athlete, in writing and at a reasonable time
+prior to completion of the transfer, a notice of the
+previously earned academic credits of such student
+athlete that such institution will accept, including
+with respect to the program of study of such student
+athlete;
+(7) the length of time a student athlete is eligible to
+participate in intercollegiate athletics and the academic
+standards to be eligible to participate in intercollegiate
+athletics;
+(8) establishing and implementing a process, including a
+database, with respect to agent registration, including--
+(A) setting qualifications to be registered as an
+agent;
+(B) setting parameters for the ability of member
+institutions to negotiate with agents who are not
+registered under such process; and
+(C) limiting the amount of the compensation under a
+name, image, and likeness agreement between a student
+athlete and an institution that may be provided to the
+agent of such student athlete to not more than 5
+percent of such compensation;
+(9) the membership of, and participation in, such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association (including any
+championships administered by such interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association), under which such interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association may establish membership
+qualifications, remove members, and otherwise regulate
+participation; and
+(10) intercollegiate athletic competitions and playing
+seasons, including rules with respect to season length, maximum
+number of contests, and student athlete time demands (whether
+during a playing season or outside of such season).
+(b) Requirements.--
+(1) Authority conditioned on compliance.--An interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association is only authorized to
+establish and enforce rules under subsection (a) if such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association is in
+compliance with this subsection and section 3.
+(2) Governance structure.--An interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association (except for an interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association that is also a conference) shall carry out
+the following:
+(A) Ensure that the membership of any board,
+committee, or other similar body of such interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association, if tasked with a
+decision-making role (including a decision-making role
+with respect to establishing or enforcing a rule under
+section 6(a)), satisfies the following:
+(i) Not less than 20 percent of the members
+of the board, committee, or body are
+individuals who are student athletes or were
+student athletes at any point during the
+preceding 10-year period, with--
+(I) men and women equally
+represented with respect to such
+individuals; and
+(II) each such individual
+participating in or having participated
+in a different sport.
+(ii) Not less than 30 percent of the
+members of the board, committee, or body
+represent institutions that are not among the
+70 highest earning member institutions of such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association
+with respect to annual college sports revenue.
+(B) Establish a council to serve as the primary
+deliberative body of the interstate intercollegiate
+athletic association and that is--
+(i) responsible for developing proposals
+with respect to policy; and
+(ii) composed of individuals who represent
+each conference that is a member of such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association.
+
+SEC. 7. TITLE IX.
+
+Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, may be
+construed to limit or otherwise affect title IX of the Education
+Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).
+
+SEC. 8. LIABILITY LIMITATION.
+
+(a) In General.--Adoption of, agreement to, compliance with, or
+enforcement of any rule, regulation, requirement, standard, or other
+provision established pursuant to, or in compliance with, section 6 of
+this Act shall be treated as lawful under the antitrust laws and any
+similar State provision having the force and effect of law.
+(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) may be
+construed to limit or otherwise affect any provision of law, including
+any provision of Federal or State law or the common law, other than the
+antitrust laws and any similar State provision having the force and
+effect of law.
+
+SEC. 9. EMPLOYMENT STANDING.
+
+Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or State law, no
+individual may be considered an employee of an institution, a
+conference, or an interstate intercollegiate athletic association based
+on the participation of such individual on a varsity sports team or in
+an intercollegiate athletic competition as a student athlete, without
+regard to the existence of rules or requirements for being a member of
+such team or for participating in such competition.
+
+SEC. 10. STUDENT ATHLETIC FEES.
+
+(a) Transparency Requirements.--
+(1) Information dissemination activities.--Section
+485(a)(1)(E) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
+1092(a)(1)(E)) is amended by inserting ``(including the amount
+of such fees used to support intercollegiate athletic
+programs)'' after ``and fees''.
+(2) Data required.--
+(A) In general.--Section 485(g) of the Higher
+Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(g)) is amended--
+(i) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end
+the following:
+``(K) With respect to fees charged to students to
+support intercollegiate athletic programs--
+``(i) the total amount of such fees charged
+to students;
+``(ii) the uses of such fees with respect
+to facilities, operating expenses,
+scholarships, payments to athletes, salaries of
+coaches and support staff, and any other
+expenses reported under this paragraph; and
+``(iii) the percentage of the total cost of
+such programs covered by such fees.''; and
+(ii) in paragraph (3)--
+(I) by striking the period at the
+end and inserting ``; and'';
+(II) by striking ``that all
+students'' and inserting the following:
+``that--
+``(A) all students''; and
+(III) by adding at the end the
+following:
+``(B) with respect to the information described in
+paragraph (1)(K), the institution shall annually
+publish such information on a publicly available
+website of the institution not later than October 15
+following the end of each fiscal year of the
+institution.''.
+(B) Effective date.--The amendments made by
+subparagraph (A) shall take effect on July 1, 2026, and
+shall apply with respect to academic year 2026-2027 and
+each succeeding academic year.
+(b) Restricting Student Fees for High-media-rights-revenue
+Institutions.--
+(1) Media rights revenues.--Section 485(g)(1)(I)(ii) of the
+Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(g)(1)(I)(ii)) is
+amended by striking ``broadcast revenues'' and inserting
+``media rights revenues (including revenues from broadcasting,
+streaming, or digital distribution of intercollegiate athletic
+events)''.
+(2) Program participation agreements.--Section 487(a) of
+the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094(a)), as
+amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end
+the following:
+``(31)(A) Beginning in academic year 2028-2029, and each
+succeeding academic year, the institution will determine the
+average annual media rights revenue of such institution by
+averaging the media rights revenues reported under section
+485(g)(1)(I) for the second and third preceding academic years.
+``(B) In the case of an institution with an average annual
+media rights revenue of $50,000,000 or more, as determined
+under subparagraph (A) for an academic year, the institution
+will not, for the first academic year that begins after such
+academic year, use student fees to support intercollegiate
+athletic programs (including with respect to facilities,
+operating expenses (as defined in section 485(g)(5)),
+scholarships, payments to athletes, salaries of coaches and
+support staff, and any other expenses reported under section
+485(g)(1)).''.
+
+SEC. 11. PREEMPTION.
+
+(a) In General.--No State, or political subdivision of a State, may
+maintain, enforce, prescribe, or continue in effect any law, rule,
+regulation, requirement, standard, or other provision having the force
+and effect of law that conflicts with this Act, including the
+amendments made by this Act, and that--
+(1) governs or regulates the compensation, payment,
+benefits, or employment status of a student athlete (including
+a prospective student athlete) with respect to participation in
+intercollegiate athletics, including any law, rule, regulation,
+requirement, standard, or other provision that--
+(A) relates to the right of a student athlete to
+receive compensation or other payments or benefits
+directly or indirectly from any institution, associated
+entity or individual, conference, or interstate
+intercollegiate athletic association; or
+(B) relates to the length of time a student athlete
+is eligible to participate in intercollegiate athletics
+or the academic standards to be eligible to participate
+in intercollegiate athletics;
+(2) limits or restricts a right provided to an institution,
+a conference, or an interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association under this Act; or
+(3) requires a release of or license to use the name,
+image, and likeness rights of any individual participant, or
+group of participants, in an intercollegiate athletic
+competition (or an individual spectator or group of spectators
+at an intercollegiate athletic competition) for purposes of
+audio-visual, audio, or visual broadcasts or other
+distributions of such intercollegiate athletic competition.
+(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) may be
+construed to--
+(1) relieve any person of liability under a State law of
+general applicability that does not conflict with this Act,
+including the amendments made by this Act; or
+(2) relieve any person of liability under common law.
+
+SEC. 12. REPORTS.
+
+(a) Federal Trade Commission Study.--
+(1) Study.--The Federal Trade Commission shall conduct a
+study to analyze the impacts of establishing a program,
+administered by an entity independent of any institution,
+conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic association,
+to develop standards for, certify as compliant with such
+standards, and otherwise regulate agents who enter into
+agreements with student athletes, which shall include an
+analysis of--
+(A) options for establishing such a program;
+(B) potential sources of funding for such a
+program;
+(C) a reasonable timeline for establishing such a
+program; and
+(D) the costs and benefits associated with such a
+program.
+(2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
+enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Commission shall
+submit to Congress a report on the results of the study
+conducted under paragraph (1), which shall include legislative
+recommendations with respect to the establishment and funding
+of the program described in such paragraph.
+(b) Compliance Reporting.--
+(1) Biennial report.--Not later than 180 days after the
+date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 years
+thereafter, each interstate intercollegiate athletic
+association shall submit to Congress a report that includes--
+(A) a summary of the issues faced by such
+interstate intercollegiate athletic association
+relating to compliance with this Act, including the
+amendments made by this Act;
+(B) a summary of the trends among institutions,
+conferences, and interstate intercollegiate athletic
+associations relating to such compliance; and
+(C) recommendations to improve the health, safety,
+and educational opportunities of student athletes.
+(2) Comptroller general report.--Not later than 5 years
+after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 5 years
+thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States
+shall--
+(A) conduct an investigation with respect to
+compliance with this Act, including the amendments made
+by this Act; and
+(B) submit to Congress a report that includes--
+(i) a summary of the findings of the
+investigation conducted under subparagraph (A);
+and
+(ii) recommendations to improve the health,
+safety, and educational opportunities of
+student athletes.
+(c) Study on Olympic Sports.--
+(1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United
+States shall conduct a study--
+(A) to assess the impact of this Act on Olympic
+Sports, including the funding of Olympic Sports; and
+(B) to develop recommendations for support of
+Olympic Sports, given the unique nature of Olympic
+Sports and intercollegiate athletics in the United
+States.
+(2) Contents.--The study conducted under paragraph (1)
+shall include--
+(A) a survey of international models of support for
+Olympic Sports, including models that could be adapted
+to the unique nature of Olympic Sports and
+intercollegiate athletics in the United States;
+(B) the projected scale and magnitude of potential
+support for Olympic Sports, given historic levels of
+support provided by institutions;
+(C) the coordination required to develop and
+cultivate Olympic Sports at institutions; and
+(D) an analysis of the trends with respect to
+roster sizes for Olympic Sports at institutions, with a
+focus on the top 70 highest earning institutions with
+respect to average annual college sports revenue.
+(3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
+enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United
+States shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the
+study conducted under paragraph (1).
+(4) Olympic sports defined.--In this subsection, the term
+``Olympic Sports'' means the sports officially recognized and
+contested during the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
+Union Calendar No. 226
+
+119th CONGRESS
+
+1st Session
+
+H. R. 4312
+
+[Report No. 119-270, Parts I and II]
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+A BILL
+
+To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of student athletes and
+to promote fair competition with respect to intercollegiate athletics,
+and for other purposes.
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+September 11, 2025
+
+Reported from the Committee on Energy and Commerce with an amendment
+
+September 11, 2025
+
+Reported from the Committee on Education and Workforce with an
+amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State
+of the Union, and ordered to be printed
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Cosponsors (22)
Members who signed on to support this bill.