HR 28
· 119th Congress
· Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025
Sponsor
Latest action
Received in the Senate.
Action timeline
Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.
Jan 15, 2025
introduced
Received in the Senate.
Jan 14, 2025
floor
Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 5. (consideration: CR H126-138)
Jan 14, 2025
floor
DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 28.
Jan 14, 2025
floor
The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
Jan 14, 2025
floor
Ms. Adams moved to recommit to the Committee on Education and Workforce. (text: CR H137)
Education and Workforce Committee
Jan 14, 2025
floor
The previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX.
Jan 14, 2025
floor
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 28, the Chair put the question on the motion to recommit and announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Adams demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
Jan 14, 2025
floor
Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H139-140)
Jan 14, 2025
floor
On motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 208 - 218 (Roll no. 11).
Education and Workforce Committee
Jan 14, 2025
passed
Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126)
Jan 14, 2025
passed
On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126)
Jan 14, 2025
passed
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Jan 03, 2025
introduced
Introduced in House
Jan 03, 2025
introduced
Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
Education and Workforce Committee
Text versions
Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.
CRS summaries
Plain-English summaries written by the Congressional Research Service — neutral, nonpartisan staff who summarize bills as they advance through stages. The authoritative description of what each version of the bill does.
00
Introduced in House
Jan 03, 2025
Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025
This bill generally prohibits school athletic programs from allowing individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in programs that are for women or girls.
Specifically, the bill provides that it is a violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for federally funded education programs or activities to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs or activities that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs or activities that are designated for women or girls. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities, including in public elementary and secondary schools and in colleges and universities.) Under the bill, sex is based on an individual's reproductive biology and genetics at birth.
The bill does not prohibit male individuals from training or practicing with programs or activities for women or girls as long as such training or practice does not deprive any female of corresponding opportunities or benefits.
The Government Accountability Office must report on the benefits for women or girls in single-sex sports that would be lost as a result of male participation. In particular, the report must document the negative psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects of male participation on girls.
via Congressional Research Service · published through congress.gov
Changelog
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih / is — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh / rfs — Referred to a committee for review.rh / rs — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs / pch — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh / es — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh / rds — Received by the other chamber.eah / eas — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath / ats — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
ⓘ
How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.
ih/is— Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.rfh/rfs— Referred to a committee for review.rh/rs— Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).pcs/pch— Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.eh/es— Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.rdh/rds— Received by the other chamber.eah/eas— Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.ath/ats— Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.enr— Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.pl— Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.pp— Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.
Most bills die before eh/es. Going from pcs → enr is the full path through both chambers.
Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.
+42
−51
21 unchanged
--- Introduced (House)
+++ Engrossed (House)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
-[H.R. 28 Introduced in House (IH)]
+[H.R. 28 Engrossed in House (EH)]
<DOC>
@@ -7,37 +7,9 @@
1st Session
H. R. 28
-To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes
-of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex
-shall be recognized based solely on a person's reproductive biology and
-genetics at birth.
-
_______________________________________________________________________
-IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
-
-January 3, 2025
-
-Mr. Steube (for himself, Mr. Walberg, Mr. Estes, Mrs. Houchin, Mr.
-Finstad, Mr. Higgins of Louisiana, Mr. Fulcher, Ms. Mace, Mr. Ogles,
-Ms. Hageman, Mr. Bilirakis, Mr. Crenshaw, Mr. Gooden, Mr. Meuser, Mr.
-Johnson of South Dakota, Mr. Brecheen, Mr. Stauber, Mr. Owens, Mr.
-Ciscomani, Ms. Foxx, Mr. Ezell, Mr. Weber of Texas, Mrs. Cammack, Mr.
-Self, Mr. Biggs of Arizona, Mr. Babin, Mr. Nehls, Mr. Fleischmann, Mr.
-Kustoff, Mr. Bost, Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. McCormick, Mr. Aderholt, Mr.
-Guest, Mr. Feenstra, Mr. Webster of Florida, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Ellzey,
-Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia, Mr. Bean of Florida, Mr. Green of
-Tennessee, Mr. Zinke, Mr. Arrington, Mr. Smith of New Jersey, Mr.
-Comer, Mr. Hudson, Mrs. Miller of Illinois, Mrs. Miller of West
-Virginia, Mr. Huizenga, Mr. Moore of West Virginia, Mrs. Biggs of South
-Carolina, Mr. Crank, Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Scott Franklin of Florida, Ms.
-De La Cruz, Mr. Smith of Missouri, and Mr. Burlison) introduced the
-following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Education and
-Workforce
-
-_______________________________________________________________________
-
-A BILL
+AN ACT
To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes
of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex
@@ -58,7 +30,7 @@
amended by adding at the end the following:
``(d)(1) It shall be a violation of subsection (a) for a recipient
of Federal financial assistance who operates, sponsors, or facilitates
-an athletic program or activity to permit a person whose sex is male to
+athletic programs or activities to permit a person whose sex is male to
participate in an athletic program or activity that is designated for
women or girls.
``(2) For the purposes of this subsection, sex shall be recognized
@@ -74,23 +46,42 @@
participate in a practice or competition, scholarship, admission to an
educational institution, or any other benefit that accompanies
participating in the athletic program or activity.
-``(5) The Comptroller General shall carry out a study to determine
-the meaning of the phrase `any other benefit' as used in paragraph (4)
-by looking at benefits to women or girls of participating in single sex
-sports that would be lost by allowing males to participate. The study
-shall document the adverse psychological, developmental, participatory,
-and sociological results to girls of allowing males to compete, be
-members of a sports team, or participants in athletic programs, that
-are designed for girls, including displacement or discouragement from
-sports participation, deprivation of a roster spot on a team or sport,
-loss of the opportunity to participate in a practice or competition,
-loss of a scholarship or scholarship opportunities, loss or
-displacement of admission to an educational institution, deprivation of
-the benefit of an environment free of hostility based on sexual assault
-or harassment, or loss of any other benefit that accompanies
-participating in the athletics program or activity. Further, the
-Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Education and
-Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health,
-Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report that contains the
-results of such study.''.
-<all>
+``(e) The Comptroller General shall carry out a study to determine
+the meaning of the phrase `any other benefit' as used in subsection
+(d)(4) by looking at benefits to women or girls of participating in
+single sex sports that would be lost by allowing males to participate.
+The study shall document the adverse psychological, developmental,
+participatory, and sociological results to girls of allowing males to
+compete, be members of a sports team, or participants in athletic
+programs, that are designed for girls, including displacement or
+discouragement from sports participation, deprivation of a roster spot
+on a team or sport, loss of the opportunity to participate in a
+practice or competition, loss of a scholarship or scholarship
+opportunities, loss or displacement of admission to an educational
+institution, deprivation of the benefit of an environment free of
+hostility based on sexual assault or harassment, or any other benefit
+that accompanies participating in the athletics program or activity.
+Further, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
+Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the
+Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a
+report that contains the results of such study.''.
+
+Passed the House of Representatives January 14, 2025.
+
+Attest:
+
+Clerk.
+119th CONGRESS
+
+1st Session
+
+H. R. 28
+
+_______________________________________________________________________
+
+AN ACT
+
+To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes
+of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex
+shall be recognized based solely on a person's reproductive biology and
+genetics at birth.
Lobbying activity
Organizations whose LDA filings reference this bill, ranked by filing count. Position not disclosed — LDA does not require lobbyists to report support / oppose / monitor. Bill-number references can be stale (lobbyists sometimes copy text year-over-year), so verify against the filing description.
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filings · 2026 Q3
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filings · 2026 Q3
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filings · 2026 Q3
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filings · 2026 Q3
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filings · 2025 Q1
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filings · 2025 Q1
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filings · 2025 Q1
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filings · 2025 Q1
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filings · 2025 Q1
via Senate LDA · self-reported quarterly. Filing count = filings mentioning this bill (no position required), not money spent on it. Click a client to see all bills they've filed on.
Cosponsors (81)
Members who signed on to support this bill.
Walberg R
Burlison R
Houchin R
Finstad R
Higgins R
Fulcher R
Mace R
Ogles R
Hageman R
Bilirakis R
Crenshaw R
Gooden R
Meuser R
Johnson R
Brecheen R
Stauber R
Owens R
Ciscomani R
Foxx R
Ezell R
Weber R
Estes R
Self R
Biggs R
Babin R
Nehls R
Fleischmann R
Kustoff R
Bost R
Fitzgerald R
McCormick R
Aderholt R
Guest R
Feenstra R
Webster R
Davidson R
Ellzey R
Scott R
Bean R
Zinke R
Arrington R
Smith R
Comer R
Hudson R
Miller R
Miller R
Huizenga R
Moore R
Biggs R
Crank R
Buchanan R
Franklin R
De La Cruz R
Smith R
Cammack R
Kelly R
Dunn R
Tenney R
Taylor R
Rose R
Grothman R
Goldman R
LaLota R
Gill R
Wied R
Carter R
Allen R
McClain R
Messmer R
Newhouse R
Harris R
Rulli R
Guthrie R
Barr R
Griffith R
Nunn R
Downing R
Hern R
McGuire R
Cline R
Tiffany R