119:hr:151 — Equal Representation Act of 2025

Sponsor

Introduced by

Chuck Edwards

R Republican · House · NC-11 R+5

Latest action

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 536.

Action timeline

Every recorded action on this bill, newest first. Stage badges color-code the legislative path.

Apr 21, 2026

committee Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. H. Rept. 119-619.

Oversight and Government Reform Committee

Apr 21, 2026

other Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 536.

Dec 02, 2025

committee Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

Oversight and Government Reform Committee

Dec 02, 2025

committee Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 20 - 19.

Oversight and Government Reform Committee

Jan 13, 2025

introduced Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E21)

Text versions

Each stage of the bill — official text published by GPO. Click any format to read on congress.gov / govinfo.

Apr 21, 2026 Reported in House

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Jan 03, 2025 Introduced in House

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CRS summaries

Plain-English summaries written by the Congressional Research Service — neutral, nonpartisan staff who summarize bills as they advance through stages. The authoritative description of what each version of the bill does.

00 Introduced in House Jan 03, 2025

Equal Representation Act This bill requires that the statement sent by the President to Congress after the decennial census indicating the number of persons in each state exclude noncitizens. (This statement is the basis for reapportionment of U.S. Representatives.) The bill also requires any questionnaire used in the decennial census to include a checkbox or other similar option for respondents to indicate whether the respondent and each household member is (1) a U.S. citizen, (2) a U.S. national but not a citizen, (3) a non-U.S. national (alien under federal law) lawfully residing in the United States, or (4) a non-U.S. national unlawfully residing in the United States. The Department of Commerce must make public the number of persons in each state, disaggregated by each of these four categories.

via Congressional Research Service · published through congress.gov

Changelog

ⓘ

How a bill moves through Congress. Each stage produces a new official text. The diff between them shows what changed at that step.

`ih` / `is` — Introduced in House / Senate. First filed version.

`rfh` / `rfs` — Referred to a committee for review.

`rh` / `rs` — Reported back by the committee to the floor (often with amendments — this is where most language changes happen).

`pcs` / `pch` — Placed on Calendar for floor consideration.

`eh` / `es` — Engrossed. Passed by the originating chamber. Text is now what was actually voted on.

`rdh` / `rds` — Received by the other chamber.

`eah` / `eas` — Engrossed Amendment. The other chamber passed an amended version.

`ath` / `ats` — Agreed to. Both chambers settled on the same text.

`enr` — Enrolled. Final reconciled text, sent to the President.

`pl` — Public Law. Signed by the President. It's now law.

`pp` — Public Print. Official printing post-enactment.

Most bills die before `eh`/`es`. Going from `pcs` → `enr` is the full path through both chambers.

Line-level diff between text versions of this bill — what actually changed at each legislative stage.

+62 −16 41 unchanged

--- Introduced (House)

+++ Reported (House)

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@

[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

-[H.R. 151 Introduced in House (IH)]

+[H.R. 151 Reported in House (RH)]

<DOC>

+Union Calendar No. 536

119th CONGRESS

-1st Session

+2d Session

H. R. 151

+

+[Report No. 119-619]

To require a citizenship question on the decennial census, to require

reporting on certain census statistics, and to modify apportionment of

@@ -25,6 +28,30 @@

of Alabama) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

+April 21, 2026

+

+Additional sponsors: Mr. Rose, Mr. Smith of Nebraska, Mrs. Hinson, Mr.

+Knott, Mr. Downing, Mr. Smith of New Jersey, Mr. Crenshaw, Mrs.

+Fedorchak, Mr. Issa, Mrs. Miller of Illinois, Mr. Wilson of South

+Carolina, Mrs. Harshbarger, Mr. Alford, Mr. Allen, Mr. Brecheen, Mr.

+LaMalfa, Mr. Grothman, Mr. Tiffany, Mr. Estes, Mr. Stutzman, Mr.

+Messmer, Mr. Fry, Mr. Cline, Mr. Scott Franklin of Florida, Mr. Norman,

+Mr. Ezell, Mr. Harris of North Carolina, Mr. Fallon, Mr. Dunn of

+Florida, Mr. Babin, Mr. Weber of Texas, Mr. Cole, Ms. Tenney, Mr.

+Baumgartner, Mrs. Biggs of South Carolina, Mr. Gill of Texas, Mr.

+Mills, Ms. Lee of Florida, Mr. Begich, Ms. Van Duyne, Mr. McClintock,

+Mr. Taylor, Mr. Langworthy, Mr. McCormick, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Mann, Mr.

+Wied, Mr. Self, Ms. Mace, and Mr. Donalds

+

+April 21, 2026

+

+Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole

+House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed

+[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed

+in italic]

+[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on January

+3, 2025]

+

_______________________________________________________________________

A BILL

@@ -39,12 +66,11 @@

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

-This Act may be cited as the ``Equal Representation Act''.

+This Act may be cited as the ``Equal Representation Act of 2025''.

SEC. 2. CITIZENSHIP STATUS ON DECENNIAL CENSUS.

-(a) In General.--Section 141 of title 13, United States Code, is

-amended--

+Section 141 of title 13, United States Code, is amended--

(1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:

``(g)(1) In conducting the 2030 decennial census and each decennial

@@ -52,17 +78,13 @@

distributed or otherwise used for the purpose of determining the total

population by States a checkbox or other similar option for the

respondent to indicate, for the respondent and for each of the members

-of the household of the respondent, whether that individual is--

-``(A) a citizen of the United States;

-``(B) a national of the United States but not a citizen of

-the United States;

-``(C) an alien lawfully residing in the United States; or

-``(D) an alien unlawfully residing in the United States.

+of the household of the respondent, whether that individual is a

+citizen of the United States.

``(2) Not later than 120 days after completion of a decennial

census of the population under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make

-publicly available the number of persons per State, disaggregated by

-each of the 4 categories described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of

-paragraph (1), as tabulated in accordance with this section.''.

+publicly available the number of individuals per State, disaggregated

+by citizens of the United States and noncitizens, as tabulated in

+accordance with this section.''.

SEC. 3. EXCLUSION OF NONCITIZENS FROM NUMBER OF PERSONS USED TO

DETERMINE APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES AND NUMBER OF

@@ -70,7 +92,7 @@

(a) Exclusion.--Section 22(a) of the Act entitled ``An Act to

provide for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial censuses and to

-provide for an apportionment of Representatives in Congress'', approved

+provide for apportionment of Representatives in Congress'', approved

June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), is amended by inserting after ``not

taxed'' the following: ``and individuals who are not citizens of the

United States''.

@@ -86,4 +108,28 @@

unconstitutional, the remainder of the provisions of this Act and

amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provision or

amendment to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected.

-<all>

+Union Calendar No. 536

+

+119th CONGRESS

+

+2d Session

+

+H. R. 151

+

+[Report No. 119-619]

+

+_______________________________________________________________________

+

+A BILL

+

+To require a citizenship question on the decennial census, to require

+reporting on certain census statistics, and to modify apportionment of

+Representatives to be based on United States citizens instead of all

+persons.

+

+_______________________________________________________________________

+

+April 21, 2026

+

+Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole

+House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed

Lobbying activity

Organizations whose LDA filings reference this bill, ranked by filing count. Position not disclosed — LDA does not require lobbyists to report support / oppose / monitor. Bill-number references can be stale (lobbyists sometimes copy text year-over-year), so verify against the filing description.

NALEO EDUCATIONAL FUND

GOV

4

filings · 2025 Q3

LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE ON CIVIL AND HUMAN RIGHTS

GOV

2

filings · 2026 Q4

CONSORTIUM OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATIONS

GOV

2

filings · 2025 Q3

HERITAGE ACTION FOR AMERICA

GOV

1

filings · 2025 Q2

BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW

GOV

1

filings · 2025 Q4

via Senate LDA · self-reported quarterly. Filing count = filings mentioning this bill (no position required), not money spent on it. Click a client to see all bills they've filed on.

Cosponsors (65)

Members who signed on to support this bill.